Abstract
Strength and balance exercises form part of multifactorial programs to reduce the risk of falling and promote active ageing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a strength and balance exercise program, adapted from the traditional Otago Exercise Program (OTAGO) into a technological system. A non-randomized experimental study enrolled 34 participants (83.24 ± 6.89 years) from a daycare center in Portugal, who were distributed into an intervention group (IG; 18 participants) and a control group (CG; 16 participants). The IG underwent a “modified” OTAGO incorporated in a technological system using pressure and inertial sensors, feedback, and Exergames for 8 weeks, 3 times a week. The CG continued their regular activities. Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. After the program, differences were observed between the groups in handgrip strength (p = 0.03), step test (p = 0.03), 4stage balance test “modified” (p < 0.001) and activities and participation profile related to mobility (PAPM) (p < 0.001). The IG showed positive results in the self-efficacy for exercise (p = 0.03), PAPM (p = 0.00) and all functional tests, except for timed up and go (p = 0.35). No significant changes were observed in the CG. The results support this intervention program as a good exercise solution to improve functional abilities, social participation, and self-efficacy, reducing the risk of falling.
Highlights
Ageing is a major social and economic challenge in modern times
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a “modified” Otago Exercise Program (OTAGO), incorporated within a technological system, on functional abilities, social participation, and self-efficacy for exercise in older adults
The control group (CG) and intervention group (IG) were quite homogenous at the baseline features, with no statistically significant differences observed in terms of age, gender, history of fall, fear of falling, or sedentary lifestyle
Summary
Ageing is a major social and economic challenge in modern times. Ageing is associated with a progressive decline in several physiological functions, and has consequences in terms of overall functioning, including functional abilities and social participation, autonomy, risk of falls, and overall health; the implementation of strategies to promote healthy ageing is paramount for modern societies [1]. In the Global Strategy and Action Plan for Ageing and Health [1], it was assumed that healthy ageing is relevant to all people. It is defined as the process of development and maintenance of functional ability that enables continued social participation and lifelong wellness. According to the same document, social participation is determined by the intrinsic ability of the individual person, environmental factors, and the interactions between the two
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