Effects of a Mixed Limosilactobacillus fermentum Formulation with Claimed Probiotic Properties on Cardiometabolic Variables, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Micaelle Oliveira De Luna Freire,Alisson Macário De Oliveira,Thiago Henrique Napoleão,Luciana Caroline Paulino Do Nascimento,José Luiz De Brito Alves,Marcos Dos Santos Lima,Cláudia Jacques Lagranha,Evandro Leite De Souza,Kataryne Árabe Rimá De Oliveira

doi:10.3390/foods10092202

Abstract

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been linked to dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of a mixed formulation with Limosilactobacillus fermentum 139, L. fermentum 263 and L. fermentum 296 on cardiometabolic parameters, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues of male rats fed an HFD. Male Wistar rats were grouped into control diet (CTL, n = 6), HFD (n = 6) and HFD with L. fermentum formulation (HFD-Lf, n = 6) groups. The L. fermentum formulation (1 × 109 CFU/mL of each strain) was administered twice a day for 4 weeks. After a 4-week follow-up, biochemical parameters, fecal SCFA, cytokines and oxidative stress variables were evaluated. HFD consumption caused hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, low-grade inflammation, reduced fecal acetate and propionate contents and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues when compared to the CTL group. Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had reduced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, but similar SCFA contents in comparison with the HFD group (p < 0.05). Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had increased antioxidant capacity throughout the colon and heart tissues when compared with the control group. Administration of a mixed L. fermentum formulation prevented hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues induced by HFD consumption.

Highlights

Administration of a mixed L. fermentum formulation effectively reduced serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), proinflammatory cytokine IL1β and atherogenic indices, as well as increased serum levels of High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) in rats fed an high-fat diet (HFD) (Table 2). These results show that supplementation of a mixed L. fermentum formulation had ameliorative effects on dyslipidemia, atherogenic indices and low-grade inflammation in rats fed an HFD
We have shown for the first time that administration of a mixed L. fermentum formulation concomitantly increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and sulfhydryl content in colonic mucosa and heart tissue of rats fed an HFD, indicating that probiotic administration may impact directly on heart metabolism, probably via the gut–heart axis
263 and L. fermentum 296 with claimed probiotic properties twice a day, for 4 weeks, caused hypocholesterolemia and hypoglycemic effects, increased HDL-c serum levels and alleviated loss of fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) induced by HFD consumption

Summary

Introduction

Impairment in gut microbiota composition, gut dysbiosis and enhanced systemic inflammation have been reported in cardiometabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, stroke hypercholesterolemia and heart failure [1,2], suggesting that alterations in the “gut–. An HFD is likely to promote oxidative stress in the colon [5], low-grade chronic inflammation [6], cardiac oxidative stress, ventricular dysfunction [7], increased blood pressure, autonomic dysfunction and metabolic disorder [8]. These findings suggest an association involving the gut–heart axis in HFD-induced cardiometabolic disorders [9]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion