Effects of a low calcium maternal and weaning diet on the thickness and microhardness of rat incisor enamel and dentine

Abstract

The deposition and mineralization of incisor hard tissues have been studied in rat pups nursed by mothers on a low calcium diet or weaned with the maternal diet. Animals were killed at 30 days (control and low calcium diets; maternally fed) or 60 days (after 30 days weaning on maternal diet). The degree of mineralization of enamel and dentine was evaluated by a microhardness method on thick transverse sections. The enamel and dentine thickness, and the diameters of the incisor sections and pulp cavity were measured on microradiographs from the sections. Microhardness values of enamel were similar in groups killed after 30 days maternal feeding, but the microhardness of root enamel was 73–74% less in the low calcium-diet weaned group. Peripulpar dentine had mean microhardness values lower than controls in the group fed maternally for 30 days, whereas the whole root dentine appeared significantly less hard in the low calcium-diet weaned group than in the controls. A significant reduction of the incisor bucco-lingual diameter was observed only in this last experimental group. Enamel thickness was significantly lower in the roots of both experimental groups and in the necks of the low calcium weaned group. The reduction in dentine thickness was greater (from −30 to −56%); in the root it was more evident on the lingual aspect. Thus calcium deficiency in the mother's diet did not influence either the deposition or the mineralization of the pup's incisor enamel and dentine. However, when the offspring were weaned with the maternal calcium-deficient diet, mineralization of the tooth hard tissue was retarded.