Abstract
It has been reported that hypomagnetic fields (HMFs) have a negative influence on mammalian physiological functions. We previously reported that HMFs were detrimental to cell fate changes during reprogramming into pluripotency. These studies led us to investigate whether HMFs affect cell fate determination during direct differentiation. Here, we found that an HMF environment attenuates differentiation capacity and is detrimental to cell fate changes during the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Moreover, HMF conditions cause abnormal DNA methylation through the dysregulation of DNA methyltransferase3b (Dnmt3b) expression, eventually resulting in incomplete DNA methylation during differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that an appropriate electromagnetic field (EMF) environment may be essential for favorable epigenetic remodeling during cell fate determination via differentiation.
Highlights
There has been increasing public interest in the biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs)
We reported that exposure to an EMF induced epigenetic changes during cell reprogramming by mediating histone modification, whereas an hypomagnetic fields (HMFs) environment was detrimental to cell fate changes in epigenetic reprogramming, suggesting that an HMF environment is critical for epigenetic changes during cell fate conversion
We focused on the effects of HMF on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and examined whether an HMF environment affects epigenetic changes during cell differentiation
Summary
There has been increasing public interest in the biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Consistent with these results, mESCs exposed to HMF conditions showed residual expression of Oct[4] and Nanog, known as markers of pluripotency, unlike the control group, as confirmed by immunostaining (Fig. 1e). We observed that HMF conditions inhibited the expression of markers corresponding to the pluripotent and three germ layers, including Oct[4], Nestin (ectoderm), Brachyury (mesoderm) and Gata[4] during mESC differentiation (Fig. 1f–i).
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