Abstract
BackgroundDietary prevention strategies are increasingly recognized as essential to combat the current epidemic of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential prebiotic effects of indigestible carbohydrates in Swedish brown beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. nanus) in relation to cardiometabolic risk markers and appetite regulating hormones.MethodsBrown beans, or white wheat bread (WWB, reference product) were provided as evening meals to 16 healthy young adults in a randomised crossover design. Glucose, insulin, appetite regulatory hormones, GLP-1, GLP-2, appetite sensations, and markers of inflammation were measured at a following standardised breakfast, that is at 11 to 14 h post the evening meals. Additionally, colonic fermentation activity was estimated from measurement of plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFA, including also branched chain fatty acids) and breath hydrogen (H2) excretion.ResultsAn evening meal of brown beans, in comparison with WWB, lowered blood glucose (−15%, p<0.01)- and insulin (−16%, p<0.05) responses, increased satiety hormones (PYY 51%, p<0.001), suppressed hunger hormones (ghrelin −14%, p<0.05), and hunger sensations (−15%, p = 0.05), increased GLP-2 concentrations (8.4%, p<0.05) and suppressed inflammatory markers (IL-6 −35%, and IL-18 −8.3%, p<0.05) at a subsequent standardised breakfast. Breath H2 (141%, p<0.01), propionate (16%, p<0.05), and isobutyrate (18%, P<0.001) were significantly increased after brown beans compared to after WWB, indicating a higher colonic fermentative activity after brown beans.ConclusionsAn evening meal with brown beans beneficially affected important measures of cardiometabolic risk and appetite regulatory hormones, within a time frame of 11–14 h, in comparison to a WWB evening meal. Concentrations of plasma SCFA and H2 were increased, indicating involvement of colonic fermentation. Indigestible colonic substrates from brown beans may provide a preventive tool in relation to obesity and the metabolic syndrome.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01706042
Highlights
A diet rich in whole grain, dietary fibre (DF), anti-inflammatory components, and lowGI foods, constitutes a promising preventive strategy against the increasing epidemic of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes [1,2,3,4,5]
Glucose- and insulin Incremental areas under the response curves (IAUC) (0–120 min) after the breakfast were decreased by 23% and 16%, respectively, after consumption of brown beans the previous evening, in comparisons with after the white wheat bread (WWB) evening meal (p,0.01 and p,0.05, respectively, Table 3)
The fasting glucose- and insulin concentrations were not affected by the different evening meals (p = 0.86, and p = 0.78, respectively)
Summary
A diet rich in whole grain, dietary fibre (DF), anti-inflammatory components (e.g. polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids), and lowGI foods, constitutes a promising preventive strategy against the increasing epidemic of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes [1,2,3,4,5]. We reported that the benefits on blood glucose regulation were positively related to breath hydrogen excretion [9] and plasma levels of butyrate [10], indicating a role of colonic fermentation. An additional finding was that perceived satiety correlated with breath hydrogen excretion [9]. This indicates that colonic fermentation of DF and RS may affect key parameters involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and satiety. Epidemiological studies have linked bean consumption to lower risk of overweight and obesity. Studies in Brazilian adults have further indicated that a habitual diet including beans was associated with lower risk of overweight and obesity in both men (213% ) and women (214%) [12]. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential prebiotic effects of indigestible carbohydrates in Swedish brown beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. nanus) in relation to cardiometabolic risk markers and appetite regulating hormones
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