Effects of 22 traditional anti-diabetic medicinal plants on DPP-IV enzyme activity and glucose homeostasis in high-fat fed obese diabetic rats

Prawej Ansari,Mary P Hannon-Fletcher,Yasser H.A Abdel-Wahab,Peter R Flatt

doi:10.1042/bsr20203824

Prawej Ansari, Mary P Hannon-Fletcher + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20203824

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Journal: Bioscience Reports	Publication Date: Jan 22, 2021
Citations: 25	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Ulster

Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of hot water extracts of 22 medicinal plants used traditionally to treat diabetes on Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity both in vitro and in vivo in high-fat fed (HFF) obese-diabetic rats. Fluorometric assay was employed to determine the DPP-IV activity. For in vivo studies, HFF obese-diabetic rats were fasted for 6 h and blood was sampled at different times before and after the oral administration of the glucose alone (18 mmol/kg body weight) or with either of the four most active plant extracts (250 mg/5 ml/kg, body weight) or established DPP-IV inhibitors (10 μmol/5 ml/kg). DPP-IV inhibitors: sitagliptin, vildagliptin and diprotin A, decreased enzyme activity by a maximum of 95–99% (P<0.001). Among the 22 natural anti-diabetic plants tested, Anogeissus Latifolia exhibited the most significant (P<0.001) inhibitory activity (96 ± 1%) with IC50 and IC25 values of 754 and 590 μg/ml. Maximum inhibitory effects of other extracts: Aegle marmelos, Mangifera indica, Chloropsis cochinchinensis, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Azadirachta indica were (44 ±7%; 38 ± 4%; 31±1%; 28±2%; 27±2%, respectively). A maximum of 45% inhibition was observed with >25 μM concentrations of selected phytochemicals (rutin). A. latifolia, A. marmelos, T. foenum-graecum and M. indica extracts improved glucose tolerance, insulin release, reduced DPP-IV activity and increased circulating active GLP-1 in HFF obese-diabetic rats (P<0.05–0.001). These results suggest that ingestion of selected natural anti-diabetic plants, in particular A. latifolia, A. marmelos, T. foenum-graecum and M. indica can substantially inhibit DPP-IV and improve glucose homeostasis, thereby providing a useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM.

Highlights

Diabetes Mellitus has become a worldwide concern, manifesting as one of the most major health issues within the world’s population
In the presence of A. latifolia, enzymatic AMC liberation from Gly-Pro-AMC was inhibited by 20 +− 1% to 96 +− 1% (P
We have examined 22 medicinal plants with proven glucose-lowering ability (Table 2) to assess whether part of their mode of action relates to an ability to inhibit Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus has become a worldwide concern, manifesting as one of the most major health issues within the world’s population. There are several forms of diabetes, including gestational diabetes, but Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are by far the most prevalent. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), most often associated with obesity, is a widespread disease and many patients from all over the globe are afflicted by this condition. T2DM patients are characterized by impaired β-cell function and insulin secretion together with tissue insulin resistance [1]. Since the prevalence and associated complications of T2DM are so damaging, more effective therapies are being sought to either delay or prevent the progression of T2DM [2]. The diet of patients with T2DM plays a vital role in helping to maintain blood glucose control involving such factors as energy density, carbohydrate content, dietary fiber and natural products that may directly or indirectly affect the License 4.0 (CC BY)

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