Effects of 12-week supplementation of Citrus bergamia extracts-based formulation CitriCholess on cholesterol and body weight in older adults with dyslipidemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Yong Cai,Rong Shi,Shuxian Zhang,Tian Shen,Jianyu Rao,Guoqiang Xing

doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0640-1

Abstract

BackgroundsRecent experiments suggest that Citrus bergamia extracts could benefit people with dyslipidemia and obesity but this needs to be further validated.MethodsA total of 98 people age-matched older adults (65 years) with elevated blood lipids were enrolled to receive 12-week supplementation of a Citrus bergamia extracts-based formulation (CitriCholess)(n = 48) and placebo (n = 50).ResultsNo group differences were found in baseline bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), blood cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose levels. CitriCholess supplementation resulted in lower levels than placebo in TG (1.83 ± 0.92 vs. 1.95 ± 1.34 mmol/L, P = 0.612), TC (5.14 ± 0.98 vs. 5.44 ± 0.77 mmol/L, P = 0.097), and LDL-C (3.13 ± 0.74 vs. 3.43 ± 0.62 mmol/L, P = 0.032). Compared to placebo, CitriCholess also resulted in greater reductions in body weight (−0.604 ± 0.939 vs. 0.06 ± 0.74 kg, P < 0.01), waist circumferences (−0.60 ± 1.349 cm vs. -0.16 ± 1.503 cm, P < 0.01) and BMI (−0.207 ± 0.357 vs. 0.025 ± 0.274, P < 0.01). Additionally, females had a significantly higher level of HDL-C than males. TC was significantly correlated with LDL-C, and to a less degree, with TG. TG was inversely correlated with HDL-C. Body weight and waist circumference were negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with glucose.Conclusion12-week supplementation of CitriCholess could benefit lipid metabolism and weight management in old adults with dyslipidemia.

Highlights

Overweight, increased blood concentrations of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) but low levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary artery conditions that are common in people with abnormal levels of blood glucose and high blood pressure [1,2,3,4]
Statins (3-hydroxy- 3methylglutaryl Co-enzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors) are the most common drugs used for normalizing high blood cholesterol levels, triglycerides and LDLC [7,8,9,10,11,12]
Statins act to reduce total cholesterol production and switch the LDL-C fraction to HDL-C fraction that contribute to the significant reductions in the incident, morbidity and mortality of Cardiovascular conditions (CVD) [13]

Summary

Introduction

Overweight, increased blood concentrations of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) but low levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary artery conditions that are common in people with abnormal levels of blood glucose and high blood pressure [1,2,3,4]. LDL-C are known to be directly and independently associated to cardiovascular conditions (CVD) [5] and LDLC-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased NADPH oxidase activity are major causative factors in endothelial perturbation and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [6]. Statins (3-hydroxy- 3methylglutaryl Co-enzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors) are the most common drugs used for normalizing high blood cholesterol levels, triglycerides and LDLC [7,8,9,10,11,12]. Statins act to reduce total cholesterol production and switch the LDL-C fraction to HDL-C fraction that contribute to the significant reductions in the incident, morbidity and mortality of CVD [13]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion