Abstract
The volatile constituents of the foliage and berries (female cones) of Juniperus excelsa trees from Iran were analyzed by GC and GC–MS. Twenty six constituents were identified and quantitated. Considerable seasonal variation was found in the berry oils, in contrast with the foliage oils. The oil yields in berries increased by 162% from spring to autumn as the berries matured. The amount of α-pinene decreased in the foliage oil during the summer; however it increased in the berry oil. Seasonal variation of other constituents showed various patterns. Seasonal variation in the berry oil was much greater than in the foliage oil. A comparison of oils from fresh vs. dried foliage and berries revealed changes in the amounts of several constituents. α-Pinene decreased after drying, whereas the amounts of several other constituents in the foliage and berry oils increased. This study shows that for the industrial utilization of J. excelsa berry oils, the harvesting period is a critical factor. However, either fresh or dried foliage can be utilized for leaf oil production.
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