Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect and relationship of continuous training programme on WBCc and psychosocial status of black African (Nigerian) subjects with hypertension. Methods: Nigerian subjects with diagnosis of hypertension attending the hypertensive clinic of Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital (MMSH), Kano, Nigeria form the population for the study. 217 subjects with mild to moderate (systolic blood pressure [SBP] between 140-180 & diastolic blood pressure [DBP] between 90-109 mmHg) essential hypertension were age matched and randomly grouped into continuous (112) & control groups (105). The continuous group involved in an 8 weeks continuous training (60%-79% HR max) of between 45 minutes to 60 minutes, 3 times per week, while the controls group remain sedentary. SBP, DBP, WBCc, VO2max and psychosocial status were assessed. Student t test and Pearson correlation test were used in data analysis. Results: The study revealed a significant beneficial effect of continuous training programmes on VO2max, SBP, DBP, WBCc and psychosocial status (p tively and negatively correlated respectively with VO2max at p junct multi-therapy in blood pressure, inflammatory and psychosocial stress management in hypertension.
Highlights
Hypertension is a major global health problem and public-health challenge, demanding a vast proportion of health care resources directly and indirectly because of its high and increasing prevalence and the concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease, disability-adjusted lifeyears and mortality [1,2]
Subject were fully informed about the experimental procedures, risk and protocol, after which they gave their informed consent in accordance with the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) [24], guidelines, regarding the use of human subjects as recommended by the human subject protocol
There was no significant difference in age (t = 0.390, p = 0.697), baseline SBP (t = 0.540, p = 0.597), baseline DBP (t = 0.530, p = 0.597), and baseline VO2max (t = −0.406, p = 0.685) between groups
Summary
Hypertension is a major global health problem and public-health challenge, demanding a vast proportion of health care resources directly and indirectly because of its high and increasing prevalence and the concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease, disability-adjusted lifeyears and mortality [1,2]. Various risk factors have been implicated in the development of hypertension, some of which include genetic, environmental, psychosocial, and inflammatory factors [3,4]. Links between inflammation and hypertension have been suggested in the past, various inflammatory markers such as white blood cell (WBC) count have been studied and found to be associated with hypertension and its complications [5,6]. The majority of the biological mechanisms that has been suggested to explain the effect of elevated WBC count on hypertension involve chronic low grade inflammation [7].
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