Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of the current study was the evaluation of initial biofilm adhesion and development on laser-microtextured implant collar surfaces and the examination of effectivity of different biofilm management methods.MethodsInitial biofilm formation was investigated on hydrophobic machined and laser-microtextured (Laser-Lok) titanium surfaces and hydrophobic machined and laser-microtextured (Laser-Lok) titanium aluminium vanadium surfaces and compared to hydrophobic smooth pickled titanium surfaces, hydrophilic smooth and acid etched titanium surfaces, hydrophobic sandblasted large grid and acid etched titanium surfaces (titanium Promote) via erythrosine staining and subsequent histomorphometrical analysis and scanning electron microscopic investigations. After decontamination procedures, performed via tooth brushing and glycine powder blasting, clean implant surface was detected via histomorphometrical analysis.ResultsAfter 24 h mean initial plaque area was detected in the following descending order: smooth pickled titanium > titanium Promote > hydrophilic smooth and acid etched titanium > Laser-Lok titanium > Laser-Lok titanium aluminium vanadium. The same order was determined after 48 h of biofilm formation. After glycine powder blasting all samples depicted almost 100% clean implant surface. After tooth brushing, Laser-Lok titanium (67.19%) and Laser-Lok titanium aluminium vanadium (69.80%) showed significantly more clean implant surface than the other structured surfaces, hydrophilic smooth and acid etched titanium (50.34%) and titanium Promote (33.89%). Smooth pickled titanium showed almost complete clean implant surface (98.84%) after tooth brushing.ConclusionsBoth Laser-Lok surfaces showed less initial biofilm formation after 24 and 48 h than the other implant surfaces. In combination with the significant higher clean implant surfaces after domestic decontamination procedure via tooth brushing, both Laser-Lok surfaces could be a candidate for modified implant and abutment designs, especially in transmucosal areas.
Highlights
Already in 2008, it was indicated that in up to 80% of the patients and in up to 50% of dental implants, periimplant mucositis occurs
Bacterial colonization and biofilm development begin immediately after exposure of the implant surface to the oral cavity, when the implant surface is covered by an initial pellicle layer, which consists of organic elements [3, 4]
The purpose of the current study was the evaluation of initial natural biofilm development on Laser-Lok implant surfaces in comparison to different established implant surfaces
Summary
Already in 2008, it was indicated that in up to 80% of the patients and in up to 50% of dental implants, periimplant mucositis occurs. Peri-implant infections are mainly caused by bacterial attachment to the implant surfaces and subsequently the development of a biofilm [2]. Bacterial colonization and biofilm development begin immediately after exposure of the implant surface to the oral cavity, when the implant surface is covered by an initial pellicle layer, which consists of organic elements [3, 4]. It would be desirable to use implant surfaces exhibiting lower adherences to bacterial organisms and prevent or decelerate biofilm development, especially for the vulnerable transmucosal section. It was indicated that LaserLok surfaces showed less initial crestal bone loss compared to implants with non Laser-Lok surfaces [7]. The aim of the current study was the evaluation of initial biofilm adhesion and development on laser-microtextured implant collar surfaces and the examination of effectivity of different biofilm management methods
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