Abstract
Purpose: Previous observational studies suggested an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D level and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to date investigating the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in knee OA have reported conflicting results. Target trial emulation is a research method that incorporates idealized RCT design to improve the quality and interpretability of observational research. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in patients with KOA and to test whether the treatment effect estimates from four previous RCTs can be replicated.
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