Abstract
The article discusses the effectiveness of various types and norms of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility, productivity and crop production quality, as well as crop rotation productivity in a comparative aspect with the estimated norms of mineral fertilizers for obtaining the planned yield. Various norms of thermally dried granulated chicken manure were studied, its suitability as an environmentally safe complex organic fertilizer and its effectiveness in increasing yields, produce quality, soil fertility and crop rotation productivity compared with traditional manure, buckwheat green manure crop, mineral fertilizers and natural nutritional background were established. The economic efficiency of the use of various types of fertilizers in crop rotation is determined and its increase to a profitability level of 74–222 % depending on the type and norms of fertilizers is established.
Highlights
The modern system of agriculture should be based on the reproduction of soil fertility, energy and resource conservation and environmental balance
We studied the effectiveness and aftereffect of traditional manure, green manure and various norms of heat-treated chicken manure compared with the estimated norms of mineral fertilizers for receiving 3, 4, 5 t/ha of spring wheat and 30, 40, 50 t/ha of green corn
Under the direct effect of various GCM norms and their aftereffects of the first and second years, the productivity of the grain tillage sequence of the grain tillage crop rotation increased by 82–125 % (6.07–9.26 t/ha of grain-units), with the increase in the application rates of GKP, the crop rotation productivity increased respectively
Summary
The modern system of agriculture should be based on the reproduction of soil fertility, energy and resource conservation and environmental balance This requires the skillful use of local resources and the development of methodical approaches and techniques to optimize destabilizing and stabilizing performance factors. It is necessary to effectively use all types of organic fertilizers (manure, straw, green manure, bird droppings, etc.), which are the most important factors of resource conservation and reproduction of soil fertility, especially in conditions of the high cost of mineral fertilizers. Intensification of agricultural processes, especially biological ones, grows and the problem of preserving and increasing soil fertility becomes more acute, the interests of the cause make us turn again to this universally accessible, highly efficient type of organic fertilizers, selecting effective green manure crops, revealing their new qualities, new properties and mechanisms of effect on the soil. Given the relevance of this guidance, in our experiments on studying the effectiveness of various types and norms of fertilizers, special attention was paid to elucidating the effect of the studied fertilizers on water-food regimes, biological activity and toxicity of the soil, which determined the effective methods of their use
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