Abstract
Background:Early childhood attachment disruption manifests in disruptive, oppositional behavior and reduced ability for trusting intimate relationships. Chronic emotional disorder negatively affects the entire family system, making treatment difficult.Objective:The goal of the study was to assess a family therapeutic treatment program for children with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) conducted through an intensive, one-week camp.Methods:Therapeutic camps included training for caregivers, support for siblings, behavioral interventions for children with RAD, and family therapy exercises. Camps were conducted across North America. Standardized behavioral health rating scales were used to evaluate outcomes.Results:Therapeutic Attachment Camp effectively reduced disruptive behaviors within a one week period and improved family mental health scores. Pretest to post-test scores on the Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire showed significant change in a clinically positive direction. Behaviors specifically associated with attachment and conscience development improved, such as showing remorse or guilt, self-control, telling the truth and accepting parental direction. Child anxiety was observed to be less based on self-rating on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Parent anxiety was significantly reduced based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Statistical effects were moderate to large.Conclusion:Results suggested that a treatment program addressing the needs of the entire family and combining attachment exercises with psychoeducation and structured parenting practice can be effective within a short time frame. Findings have implications for community and family mental health, and for developing culturally relevant treatments that integrate disciplines.
Highlights
Chronic abuse in early childhood, neglect, prolonged and painful medical conditions in infancy, extended separation from nurturing caregivers, or violent family conditions may result in Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), which if1874-9224/17 2017 Bentham OpenEffectiveness of Therapeutic Attachment CampsThe Open Family Studies Journal, 2017, Volume 9 133 untreated has deleterious behavioral and psychiatric consequences [1]
To determine who is utilizing this type of therapeutic approach, the Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (RADQ) scores were used to determine a general profile of families availing themselves of this therapeutic approach
Table (2) presents the summary of each RADQ item and Fig. (1) shows the average profile of the children based on severity of individual items on the RADQ
Summary
Chronic abuse in early childhood, neglect, prolonged and painful medical conditions in infancy, extended separation from nurturing caregivers, or violent family conditions may result in Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), which if1874-9224/17 2017 Bentham OpenEffectiveness of Therapeutic Attachment CampsThe Open Family Studies Journal, 2017, Volume 9 133 untreated has deleterious behavioral and psychiatric consequences [1]. Chronic abuse in early childhood, neglect, prolonged and painful medical conditions in infancy, extended separation from nurturing caregivers, or violent family conditions may result in Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), which if. All forms of damaged attachment imply lack of security or trust in adult caregivers, and all are associated with increased presence of mental health disorders [3]. Caregivers must cope with high risk behaviors, such as stealing, lying, elopement and even attempts to abuse siblings. This places the caregivers at risk for stress related emotional disorders and depression, and the child at risk for out-of-home placement. Chronic emotional disorder negatively affects the entire family system, making treatment difficult
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