Abstract
Growing fish in closed water supply installations with a high planting density leads to accumulation of waste products, turning the habitat into toxic. Growing fish in such an environment leads to stress and increases the stress on their liver, which provides the body with detoxification of metabolites. To reduce stress, adaptogens are used, which increase endurance and survival, increase adaptive plasticity, and strengthen the immunity of fish. We used an adaptogen called Trekrezan. The work aim was to study the morphofunctional changes in liver and its microarchitectonics in African catfish grown using Trekrezan. The analysis of morphofunctional changes in liver allows us to judge the general physiological state of fish body. The liver index of African catfish grown without the use of Trekrezan is significantly higher in both males and females, compared to African catfish grown with Trekrezan, which indicates an intensification of metabolism. Analysis of histological structure of African catfish liver (Clarias gariepinus), grown without the use of the Ttrekrezan, revealed abnormalities of the parenchymal layer of liver with signs of fatty dystrophy, signs of necrotic changes in liver cells, hemorrhages in vascular region, a violation of polarity in the structure of hepatocytes. In species raised in an environment with Trekrezan, these abnormalities are absent, since Trekrezan, due to the activation of cellular and humoral immunity, leads to decrease in intoxication, provides strengthening of immunity, and increases the body's resistance to unfavorable factors of medium.
Highlights
Growing fish in an artificial environment is accompanied by "extreme" living conditions for them, as their waste products are toxic and provide additional stress on the body [1, 2]
Nitrogen is present in the form of ammonia, which is oxidized by oxygen to form nitrate- ions, which provide formation of methemoglobin anemia, in which nitrates interact with blood hemoglobin to carry out a redoxreaction
The liver index of females raised without Trekrezan was significantly higher compared to females who were fed with Trekrezan (Figure 3)
Summary
Growing fish in an artificial environment is accompanied by "extreme" living conditions for them, as their waste products are toxic and provide additional stress on the body [1, 2]. In the artificial environment there are food leftovers and products of fish metabolism, decomposition of which leads to an increase in concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is present in the form of ammonia, which is oxidized by oxygen to form nitrate- ions, which provide formation of methemoglobin anemia, in which nitrates interact with blood hemoglobin to carry out a redoxreaction. In this case, deoxyhemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin, and nitrite ions are reduced to nitrogen monoxide by taking electrons. Methemoglobin anemia, which occurs due to the influence of nitrates on fish body, can change metabolism, suppressing antioxidant defense systems with subsequent abnormalities of cell membranes and lead to a decrease in cellular immunity
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
