Abstract
Evaluation of the effectiveness of pigeon pox (PP) vaccine in improvement the required immunity to avian influenza (AI) virus vaccine in birds and reducing its shedding after challenge was the object of this study.Specific pathogen free chicks were vaccinated with PP and AI in 10 groups at 5 and/or 8 days of age and/or boosted after 35 days then challenged after 28 days with virulent highly pathogenic AI virus local Egyptian field isolate. The development of immune responses to AI haemagglutinine was recorded and also AI virus shedding after challenge.Vaccinated 10 groups induced protective immune responses; especially in the groups which were boosterly vaccinated with PP vaccine. All birds vaccinated and experimentally challenged 28 days later were protected against virulent AI (H5N1); mild clinical signs of infection developed in few number of vaccinated birds. In contrast, all unvaccinated birds died within 72 hours of challenge. Vaccination of chicks with PP and AI vaccines provided good effectiveness of the PP vaccine on the immune response of vaccinated birds with AI vaccine and showed decreasing in shedding after challenge; especially in the groups which take a booster vaccination of PP and AI vaccine. Although eradication still remain the 1st of choice for controlling the AI in the circumstances of a continuing and wide spread outbreak, but also the availability of new designing future vaccination regime by using avipox virus vaccine should be applied.
Highlights
The threat that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, a virus subtype H5N1A/chicken/Egypt/D10552B/201 5 (H5N1) threaten to poultry and public health has intensified (Chuang– Ling et al, 2003)
As the virus become established in poultry in developing countries, the number of human be achieved by vaccination, live fowlpox virus or pigeon pox virus for vaccination against avipox viruses
Avipox viruses induced immunity in vaccinated host which, with the most immunogenic antigens, was protective when use as recorded in Beard, et al (1991), Taylor, et al (1991 and 1992), Webster, et al (1996) and Giotis and Skinner, (2019) who used it as a recombinant vaccine vector.The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of pigeon pox virus vaccine efficacy to improve the avian influenza virus vaccine immune response in chicken and reduce its shedding after experimental infection
Summary
As the virus become established in poultry in developing countries, the number of human be achieved by vaccination, live fowlpox virus or pigeon pox virus for vaccination against avipox viruses. These vaccines are very effective and have undoubtedly contributed immensely to the prevention of the disease in commercial poultry farming. Vaccination is a useful tool to control avian influenza (AI) especially when biosecurity and stamping out strategies alone are not successfully implemented (Qiao et al, 2003 and WHO 2008). An immunization strategy depending on using bivalent and multivalent vaccines containing whole inactivated viruses has been advocated before to control several avian pathogens. PP vaccine is used for vaccination of pigeons and against pox infection in chickens and turkeys (Gottstein et al, 2004 and Wang et al, 2006)
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