Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health problem worldwide, and the main risk factor for its development is obesity. The Yaqui ethnic group of Sonora has serious obesity problems, resulting in an increased risk of T2D in its inhabitants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program on obesity parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in short- (6 months) and medium-term periods (12 months) in indigenous Yaquis of Sonora. The design is a translational clinical study of a single cohort with prepost intervention measurements in a sample of 93 subjects. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by comparing obesity parameters, metabolic markers, and physical activity 6 and 12 months with those measured under basal conditions using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The short-term retention percentage was 58.0%. There was a decrease in body weight (Δ = −3.9 kg, p ≤ 0.05) and other obesity parameters, and an increase in physical activity and improvements in metabolic markers (p ≤ 0.05) was observed. Similar findings were obtained for the medium-term period; body weight loss was also -3.9 kg (p ≤ 0.05). The short and medium-term results of the program showed improvements in the obesity parameters and other cardiovascular risk factors of the participants. These results support the effectiveness of the program and its translation in this ethnic group.
Highlights
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is the main risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1, 2]
Our results show the effectiveness of the PREVISY in reducing several risk factors for T2D and cardiovascular disease in an indigenous population from northwest Mexico with welldocumented health and social disadvantages, and this has not been reported previously
This achievement was made through the application of translational design, an adaptation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) protocol [29, 30] that was regionalized by taking into account the lifestyle of this particular indigenous group
Summary
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is the main risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1, 2]. The prevalence of obesity has increased considerably in recent decades; currently, the prevalence of overweight in adults is 39%, and that of obesity is 13%, representing 1900 million people with these conditions worldwide [2]. It is currently estimated that T2D affects 463 million people, causing 4.2 million deaths per year. It is estimated that by 2045 there will be 700 million people with this condition [4]. In 2019, it was estimated that Mexico ranked sixth in terms of the prevalence of T2D, with 12.8 million of its inhabitants with this disease and an expected 22.3 million in 2045 [4]. The high prevalence of chronic diseases and their comorbidities are present in indigenous groups, and due to their vulnerability, this problem can be worse in indigenous than in nonindigenous populations
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