Abstract
Iron-based nanoparticles were formed in the pores of a micro- and mesoporous activated carbon made from banana spike by the impregnation of iron sulfate at various ratios and further pyrolysis, in order to prepare three catalysts AC@Fe/1, AC@Fe/2, AC@Fe/3 having iron mass contents of 1.6%, 2.2% and 3.3%, respectively. The pore size distributions, transmission electron microscope observations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses have revealed that iron-based nanoparticles of 1–50 nm diameter, containing O and P, are located mainly in the supermicropores and mesopores of the activated carbon. Catalysts have been used to remove Rhodamine B in an aqueous solution by the heterogeneous Fenton process. AC@Fe/3 catalyst has allowed achieving 93% of solution discoloration compared to 87.4% for AC@Fe/2 and 78.5% for AC@Fe/1 after 180 min in batch reaction. The catalytic efficiency of AC@Fe/3 is attributed to the highest dispersion of the iron-based nanoparticles in the activated carbon porosity. The effects of hydrogen peroxide and initial dye concentration, pH, catalyst amount and temperature on the Rhodamine B removal kinetics catalyzed by AC@Fe/3 were studied. This catalyst showed remarkable performances of the Rhodamine B mineralization and possibility of recycling.
Highlights
The textile industry occupies a very important place in the world economy
Some heterogeneous catalysts for Fenton oxidation were prepared by the iron sulfate solution impregnation at different ratios of an activated carbon from banana spike further pyrolyzed at 350 °C
activated carbon (AC)@Fe/1, AC@Fe/2 and AC@ Fe/3 catalysts have been obtained with different amounts of iron-based nanoparticles (3, 7 and 11 wt% of Fe/AC ratio, respectively), containing O and P, mainly localized in supermicropores and mesopores as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SEM and pore size distributions (PSDs) from N 2 and C O2 adsorption
Summary
To satisfy customers and increase the turnover, very stable synthetic dyes are used to preserve the color of the textiles against the effect of ultraviolet sun irradiation and the oxidation from detergent products These synthetic dyes which are generally high molecules of molar mass, and containing several benzene nuclei (Song and Li 2009), can create harmful impact on the environment (El Bouraie and El Din 2016), on surface waters and soils, because they are resistant to biological degradation (Imran et al 2015). In order to treat the textile effluents and degrade the harmful dyes, research efforts have concerned the treatment techniques based on advanced oxidation processes at both laboratory and industrial scales (Baldrian et al 2006; Yu et al 2016).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
