Abstract
Rianosa R, Hartal H, Setyowati N. 2020. Effectiveness of the Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) leaf extract as botanical fungicide against moler diseases of shallot. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(1): 1-10. Moler is a major disease of onion caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. Application of synthetic fungicides in the long-term has a negative effect to the environment. Weed leaves of Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) have potential to be an anti-fungal, anti-bacterial as well as anti-cancer. This study aimed to determine the best concentration of Ageratum leaf extract to control twisted disease and to compare the effectiveness of botanical fungicide and synthetic fungicide. The research was conducted in June - September 2018 at the Plant Protection Laboratory and greenhouse, University of Bengkulu. The experiment was consists of five Ageratum leaf extract concentrations as a botanical fungicide (i.e. 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%), and synthetic fungicide namely mancozeb and metil tiofanat and control treatment (in sterile soil with no fungicide treatment). The experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor. Ageratum leaf extract was obtained through the maceration method using ethanol 96%. The application of fungicide was carried out on shallot bulbs before planting. The results showed botanical fungicides from Ageratum leaf extract were effective against twisted disease of shallots, concentration 4% of Ageratum leaf extract resulted in a longer incubation period and lower disease intensity compared to other concentrations, and the effectiveness of Ageratum leaf extract at a concentration of 4% was comparable to that of mancozeb to control twisted disease. Application of both synthetic and botanical fungicide resulted in a higher yield of shallot. Therefore, Ageratum leaf extract has potential as a substitution of synthetic fungicides to control twisted disease of shallots.
Highlights
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the leading vegetable commodities making an important contribution to the economic development of the region in Indonesia
The results showed botanical fungicides from Ageratum leaf extract were effective against twisted disease of shallots, concentration 4% of Ageratum leaf extract resulted in a longer incubation period and lower disease intensity compared to other concentrations, and the effectiveness of Ageratum leaf extract at a concentration of 4% was comparable to that of mancozeb to control twisted disease
This attack still occurred allegedly due to pathogens carried on the shallot seedlings from the previous planting (Artati, 1999; Bernadip et al, 2015). This proves that the land used for shallot cultivation in Balai Benih Hortikultura (BBH) in Kepahiang District was contaminated by the pathogen F. oxysporum that the seeds carried it with them
Summary
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the leading vegetable commodities making an important contribution to the economic development of the region in Indonesia. This commodity is used for daily consumption and even become an industrial raw material (Badan Litbang Pertanian, 2005). An evaluation of the development of shallots is needed because this commodity was a national priority in 2018 and Indonesia is projected as the main exporter of shallots in ASEAN in 2045 (Direktur Jenderal Hortikultura, 2017). One of the main causes of the decrease of shallot productivity in Indonesia is the high attack of plantdisturbing organisms (PDO). Twisted disease is one of the main diseases in shallot cultivation caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. The damage of shallots due to this pathogen can reduce the economic value of shallot both in quality and quantity
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