Abstract
This study investigated the influence of passive back-support exoskeletons (EXOBK) design, trunk sagittal inclination (TSI), and gender on the effectiveness of an exoskeleton to limit erector spinae muscle (ES) activation during a sagittal lifting/lowering task. Twenty-nine volunteers performed an experimental dynamic task with two exoskeletons (two different designs: soft (SUIT) and rigid (SKEL)), and without equipment (FREE). The ES activity was analyzed for eight parts of TSI, each corresponding to 25% of the range of motion (lifting: P1 to P4; lowering: P5 to P8). The impact of EXOBK on ES activity depended on the interaction between exoskeleton design and TSI. With SKEL, ES muscle activity significantly increased for P8 (+36.8%) and tended to decrease for P3 (−7.2%, p = 0.06), compared to FREE. SUIT resulted in lower ES muscle activity for P2 (−9.6%), P3 (−8.7%, p = 0.06), and P7 (−11.1%), in comparison with FREE. Gender did not influence the effect of either back-support exoskeletons on ES muscle activity. These results point to the need for particular attention with regard to (1) exoskeleton design (rigid versus soft) and to (2) the range of trunk motion, when selecting an EXOBK. In practice, the choice of a passive back-support exoskeleton, between rigid and soft design, requires an evaluation of human-exoskeleton interaction in real task conditions. The characterization of trunk kinematics and ranges of motion appears essential to identify the benefits and the negative effects to take into account with each exoskeleton design.
Highlights
Occupational exoskeletons are wearable devices generally aimed at supporting users in performing their work tasks, by generating appropriate force/torque on one or multiple human joints
The present study investigated the influence of exoskeleton design, trunk sagittal inclination (TSI), and gender on the impact of using wearable assistive devices on lumbar muscle activity during a dynamic forward lifting and lowering task (LLT)
The present study showed that the impact of using an EXOBK during a dynamic lifting/lowering task with an 8 kg load on erector spinae muscle (ES) muscle activity depended on both the exoskeleton design and TSI
Summary
Occupational exoskeletons are wearable devices generally aimed at supporting users in performing their work tasks, by generating appropriate force/torque on one or multiple human joints. There has been increasing interest in employing exoskeletons for workplace ergonomics, with the aim of reducing physical workload [1] and risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) for workers [2]. Among these technologies, back-support exoskeletons (EXOBK ) have been designed in view of preventing the occurrence of low back pain (LBP). Research carried out in real work conditions has revealed significant reductions (−20 to −25%)
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