Abstract
BackgroundThis study investigated the effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) combined with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) on color and microhardness of enamel.Material and MethodsSeventy-five bovine incisors were immersed in a tea solution for 7.5 days. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups according to the whitening agent applied: 1) 94% NaHCO3, 2) a blend of 94% NaHCO3 and CPP-ACPF, 3) a blend of 94% NaHCO3 and 1.5% H2O2, 4) a blend of 94% NaHCO3, 1.5% H2O2 and CPP-ACPF, 5) control. The whitening procedure was performed for 10 times over 10 days. At each day, the buccal surfaces were covered with whitening agents for 5 minutes and then brushed for 30 seconds. After the 10 days, the teeth were again immersed in a tea solution for 10 minutes. Color assessment was performed at baseline (T1), after the first staining process (T2), after the whitening procedure (T3), and after the second staining process (T4). Finally, the specimens were subjected to microhardness test.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in the color change between T2 and T3 stages among the study groups (p<0.05), with the greatest improvement observed in group 4. Microhardness was significantly greater in groups 2 and 4, as compared to the other groups (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe combination of 94% NaHCO3, 1.5% H2O2 and CPP-ACPF was effective in improving color and microhardness of teeth with extrinsic stains and could be recommended in the clinical situation.
Highlights
A more esthetic and pleasant smile has been a common desire for most patients seeking dental treatments
No significant difference was found in the color change between T1 and T2 (ΔET1-T2) and T3 and T4 (ΔET3-T4) time points among the study groups (p>0.05; Table 1)
Pairwise comparison by Duncan test revealed that ΔET2-T3 was significantly greater in group 4 (94% NaHCO3 + 1.5% H2O2 + CPP-ACPF) as compared to the other experimental groups (p
Summary
A more esthetic and pleasant smile has been a common desire for most patients seeking dental treatments. The popularity of whitening agents that can be used by patients to lighten teeth has been increased These products may be extremely useful in subjects suffering from extrinsic stains such as smokers and those undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy, as the placement of appliances could lead to a considerable amount of discoloration within a few days later. There is little information regarding the efficacy of abrasive and mild bleaching agents combined with a CPP-ACPF paste on removal of enamel stains, increasing mineral properties of enamel, and preventing further stain absorption. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium bicarbonate blended with a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide and/or a CPP-ACPF paste on color change and microhardness of bovine enamel with extrinsic stains
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