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Abstract
Objective: This study sought to analyze the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and propolis fluoride (PPF) varnish application on dentinwithin 60 days.Methods: We divided 60 blocks (4 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm) of human permanent teeth dentin specimens into six time-based groups: 0 days, 1 day, 7 days,14 days, 30 days, and 60 days. We then applied 20 μL SDF and PPF varnish to the specimens’ occlusal surfaces. For the fluoride test, all specimenswere submerged in deionized water, while for the flavonoid test, specimens were submerged in a solution of 20% ethanol. In the treatment group,specimens were shaken for 30 min at 45 rpm (every day) for 0–60 days, depending on group assignment. An ion selective electrode was used tomeasure fluoride ions and a spectrophotometer with 425 nm wavelength absorbance measured flavonoid absorbance. Dentin microhardness wasmeasured for 30 and 60 days sample using the Vickers microhardness tester.Results: There was an increase in fluoride ion concentration after SDF and PPF application to the dentin samples, while SDF released more fluorideions than PPF. Increased flavonoid absorbance was observed after PPF application. Dentine microhardness increased after SDF and PPF application.Conclusion: SDF and PPF application on dentin is effective within 60 days.
Highlights
In 2012, the World Health Organization stated that the worldwide caries incidence rate was 60–90% in children and almost 100% in adults [1]
This study examined the hardness of human dentin after silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and propolis fluoride (PPF) varnish application relative to the time post-SDF and PPF varnish application
Fluoride ion concentrations in the SDF varnish treatment and control groups The teeth in the control group were treated with SDF varnish but were not shaken
Summary
In 2012, the World Health Organization stated that the worldwide caries incidence rate was 60–90% in children and almost 100% in adults [1]. RISKESDAS showed that Indonesia’s Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth index is 4.6, which means that the Indonesian population suffers from tooth decay at a rate of 460 teeth per 100 people [2]. Caries occur when there is an ecological imbalance between tooth minerals and oral biofilm because biofilm features microbial activity that decreases mouth pH to a critical limit, causing demineralization to occur [3]. Failure to prevent the loss of minerals can lead to cavity formation, potentially causing irreversible bacterial damage to the pulp [4]. Previous research states that caries prevention was most effective when constant low level fluoride was found inside the mouth cavity [5]
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