Abstract
Repairing bone defects in oral surgery often requires the use of bone regeneration techniques. Silicon is an element that has been employed as regeneration material in several studies. In our study, silicon was combined with autologous bone and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes to analyse the behaviour of this element in bone regeneration. Four circumferential defects were created in the cranial vault of five New Zealand rabbits. The following elements were applied to the regeneration of the defects: (P): PRF; (S): silicon and (B): autologous bone, with the following distribution of study groups: Group 1 (PSB); Group 2 (PS); Group 3 (SB) and Group 4 (CONTROL): unregenerate group. The animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks. Computed microtomography studies (μ-CT) were carried out, as well as histomorphometric ones. The ANOVA statistical test was used with a Bonferroni post-hoc test to compare the results (p ≤ 0.05). Radiologically, groups PSB and SB were better as far as quantity and percentage of healthy bone observed, but not significantly compared to the control group. The PS group was significantly worse. The histological test revealed that the PSB group was the one to present the largest area, percentage and perimeter of mineralised bone. On evaluating the forming bone (osteoid), no difference was observed across the groups with the exception of the bone perimeter, where the SB group was significantly better. The bone height variable showed no significant differences. In conclusion we can state that the combination of PRF, autologous bone and silicon provides good results at 3 weeks whilst the PS group shows the worst results. This highlights the importance of autologous bone forming part of the graft material in order for the bone to mineralise.
Highlights
Bone defects in oral surgery are common and sometimes difficult to repair, requiring bone regeneration techniques to ensure the success of restorative treatment
There are no publications in which any of the study groups have employed autologous bone with silicon; and our preliminary results suggest that we would need to see how the autologous bone behaves over longer periods
Silicon is a promising element as a material to be included with other bone regenerative materials due to its low cost and good properties observed in vitro and in vivo, the definition of its properties and optimal conditions of use are still being investigated [54,55]
Summary
Bone defects in oral surgery are common and sometimes difficult to repair, requiring bone regeneration techniques to ensure the success of restorative treatment. Scientific research continues to make advances in the understanding of the biological and physiological processes involved in bone healing, regeneration and remodelling [1]. In vivo tissue engineering covers regeneration and reconstruction of tissues and organs in the body itself. Regenerative techniques have become routine procedures and with proven clinical results, but their predictability and wait time are still some of the drivers for continuing to investigate the development of new and improved materials for bone regeneration. Autologous bone and platelet-rich plasma are two widely used materials in the field of implantology for regenerating soft and hard tissue. A material that combines all the advantages of each of them separately has not yet been developed
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