Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess how useful certain selected measurement techniques are in civil engineering. In this work, the focus was placed on the measurement of displacement and strain. Classical methods with an established position in the industry, such as electrical resistance strain gauge measurements and linear variable differential transducers (LVDT), were compared with modern techniques that do not require direct contact with the measured object, such as laser scanning and digital image correlation. A simply supported beam was bent in two types of tests. In the first test, a small load was applied on the beam, causing a slight deflection of the structure of approximately 0.5 mm. This enabled us to assess how effective the tested methods were, given the very precise measurement of the structure. In the second test, a much higher load was introduced, which caused displacement that can realistically be found in actual civil engineering structures. Ultimately, the model went through the plastic phase and was damaged. This enabled the measurement of displacement and strain that were much higher than those of the safe operating range of the structure. Based on conducted examinations, practical conclusions were drawn relative to the analyzed measurement methods.
Highlights
Techniques in Civil Engineering.Measurement is an inherent element of a civil engineer’s work
It will take advantage of resistance change resulting from the gauge changing its cross-section of the beam together with the location of four strain gauges, and Figure 2a length while it is attached to the structure
Displacement in the whole experiment was measured with an linear variable differential transducers (LVDT) and digital image correlation (DIC)
Summary
Thanks to the connection with the tested object, enable the implementation of extremely precise measurements in industry It can be used even on small or curved surfaces or in dynamic tests. Laser scanning is a technique that is getting to be more popular It can very well be applied for structural engineering surveying and for the measurement of objects with either complicated geometry or where access is limited [3,4]. The object is photographed by two cameras placed at a certain angle to each other This type of image acquisition, just like in the case of human vision, enables spatial analysis of the structure. Given the example of a simple beam structure, analysis was performed to determine which method can be applied for the precise measurement of displacement and strain and which method failed to meet expectations
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