EFFECTIVENESS OF SEEDROW-PLACED N WITH POLYMER-COATED AND NBPT-TREATED UREA FOR CANOLA AND WHEAT

Abstract

Seedrow-placed urea minimizes soil disturbance in reduced tillage systems, but it generally decreases seedling emergence (or stand density) at nitrogen (N) rates adequate for optimum crop yield. Two three-year field experiments were conducted on canola (Brassica napus L.) and spring wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) at Melfort Research Farm, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the influence of N rate (40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1), N source [untreated urea (urea), polymer-coated urea (ESN), and urea treated with Dicyandiamide (DCD) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT or AgrotainTM) (SuperU) in 2007, or NBPT only (AgrotainU) in 2008 and 2009], and placement (side-banded N and seedrow-placed N, using knives to create 2 cm wide band), plus a zero-N control, on seedling emergence, seed and straw yield, protein concentration (PC) in seed, and N uptake in seed and straw. For both crops, side-banded N had no detrimental effect on seedling emergence compared to the zero-N control for all rates and sources. Seedrow-placed ESN had little or no effect on seedling emergence of wheat or canola. Conversely, seedrow-placed urea, SuperU or AgrotainU reduced seedling emergence for wheat at the 80 and 120 kg N ha−1 rates and reduced canola seedling emergence substantially at all rates, but particularly at the 80 and 120 kg N ha−1. Seed yield and N uptake were generally greater with ESN than urea and also SuperU or AgrotainU, when the fertilizers were seedrow-placed at high N rates. The findings suggest the effectiveness of ESN in providing greater seedrow-placed N application options for producers.