Abstract
This paper is concerned with the effectiveness of triangular 3‐node shell element without rotational d.o.f. and the extension to a new 4‐node quadrilateral shell element called S4 with only 3 translational degrees of freedom per node and one‐point integration. The curvatures are computed resorting to the surrounding elements. Extension from rotation‐free triangular element to a quadrilateral element requires internal curvatures in order to avoid singular bending stiffness. Two numerical examples with regular and irregular meshes are performed to show the convergence and accuracy. Deep‐drawing of a box, spring‐back analysis of a U‐shape strip sheet and the crash simulation of a beam‐box complete the demonstration of the bending capabilities of the proposed rotation‐free triangular and quadrilateral elements.
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