Abstract
In this study, degradation of Basic Violet 16 (BV16) by ultraviolet radiation (UV), ultrasonic irradiation (US), UV/H2O2 and US/H2O2 processes was investigated in a laboratory-scale batch photoreactor equipped with a 55W immersed-type low-pressure mercury vapor lamp and a sonoreactor with high frequency (130kHz) plate type transducer at 100W of acoustic power. The effects of initial dye concentration, concentration of H2O2 and solution pH and presence of Na2SO4 was studied on the sonochemical and photochemical destruction of BV16 in aqueous phase. The results indicated that in the UV/H2O2 and US/H2O2 systems, a sufficient amount of H2O2 was necessary, but a very high H2O2 concentration would inhibit the reaction rate. The optimum H2O2 concentration was achieved in the range of 17 mmol/L at dye concentration of 30 mg/L. A degradation of 99% was obtained with UV/H2O2 within 8 minutes while decolorization efficiency by using UV (23%), US (<6%) and US/H2O2(<15%) processes were negligible for this kind of dye. Pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to dyestuffs concentrations was found to fit all the experimental data.
Highlights
Due to incomplete fixation of dyes on fibers during the coloring and washing steps, it is estimated that 1-15% of dyestuffs used in textile industries end up in wastewaters [1]
Initial H2O2 concentration effects Results with ultraviolet radiation (UV)/H2O2 and ultrasonic irradiation (US)/H2O2 processes indicate that the oxidation was exclusively due to hydroxyl radical attack when hydrogen peroxide was in excess
It can be seen that UV/H2O2 process was more efficient than US/H2O2 process
Summary
Due to incomplete fixation of dyes on fibers during the coloring and washing steps, it is estimated that 1-15% of dyestuffs used in textile industries end up in wastewaters [1]. Dye pollutants are generally resistant to biological degradation and cannot be thoroughly processed in wastewater treatment plants [2]. Basic Violet 16 (BV 16) is a cationic dye, highly water soluble and nonvolatile It is widely used in textile, leather industries, in preparing carbon paper, bull pen, stamp pad inks and paints, and is a well-known water tracer fluorescent [7]. BV 16 directly harms skin, Many physical and chemical methods, such as adsorption, coagulation, floatation, solvent extraction and hyperfiltration have been applied to remove dyes [10,11] These methods merely transfer the pollutant from one media to another. The OH radicals are extremely reactive species and powerful oxidizing agent [12,13,14]
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