Abstract
BackgroundIn the long term, smoking cessation can decrease the risk of cancer, stroke, and heart attacks and improve overall survival. The aim of the proposed umbrella review is to summarize existing systematic reviews that assessed the effects of pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation and to evaluate the methodological quality of previously conducted systematic reviews.MethodsDatabases such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHIL PsychINFO Web of Science, Conference Papers Index, Scopus, and Google Scholar will be used to retrieve reviews. Systematic reviews which included only randomized control trials will be considered in this review. The primary outcome will be prolonged abstinence from smoking for a minimum of 6 months follow-up, and the secondary outcome will be point abstinence rate from smoking of less than 6 months follow-up but more than 7 days. Methodological quality of the included reviews will be assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool, which contains 16 domains. Two authors will screen the titles and abstracts of all reviews obtained by the search strategy, assess the full text of selected articles for inclusion, and extract data independently. The quality appraisal will be also assessed by two authors (AM, CC) independently, and Cohen’s Kappa statistic will be used to assess inter-ratter agreement. The findings of the study will be narrated qualitatively to describe the effect of different pharmacotherapy on smoking cessation.DiscussionThe World Health Organization recommends treatment of tobacco dependence as one approach in its comprehensive tobacco control policy. To date, many trials and systematic reviews have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Therefore, the findings of the umbrella review will improve clinical decision-making and be used as a baseline for future studies.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017080906
Highlights
In the long term, smoking cessation can decrease the risk of cancer, stroke, and heart attacks and improve overall survival
Many trials and systematic reviews have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation
To summarizing existing systematic reviews that assessed the effects of pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation
Summary
In the long term, smoking cessation can decrease the risk of cancer, stroke, and heart attacks and improve overall survival. In 2012, the prevalence of daily tobacco smoking among men and women aged 15 and over was 31.1% and 6.2%, respectively [1]. Tobacco smoking can lead to many short- and long-term health effects including lung and other organ cancers, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, stroke, and heart attack [2]. Tobacco smoking is responsible for 90% of all cases of lung cancer and 90% of all deaths due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [3]. Combustible chemicals found in tobacco smoke are responsible for disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases, through mechanisms that involve DNA damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress [5]. Tobacco-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) account for 4% of the global burden with the burden significantly higher for developed nations [8]
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