Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the effect and gender differences of an innovative intervention involving in-person and telephone nursing counseling to control cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight), improve health-related quality of life and strengthen self-efficacy and social support in persons using the municipal health centers' cardiovascular health program.Method: a randomized controlled clinical trial involving participants randomized into the intervention group who received traditional consultation plus personalized and telephone nursing counseling for 7 months (n = 53) and the control group (n = 56). The study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Statement.Results: women in the intervention group presented a significant increase in the physical and mental health components compared to the control group, with decreases in weight, abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the atherogenic index. The effects attributable to the intervention in the men in the intervention group were increased physical and emotional roles and decreased systolic and diastolic pressure, waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, cardiovascular risk factor, and 10-year coronary risk.Conclusion: this intervention is an effective strategy for the control of three cardiovascular risk factors and the improvement of health-related quality of life.
Highlights
Introduction thePSCV controls, stabilized the glycated hemoglobin levels, and decreased the ingestion of unhealthy foods
The data from this study show a predominance of females. This finding is consistent with the results obtained in a Spanish study(25), which showed that differences between the genders in cardiovascular risk factors, such as arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, were higher in women, influenced by social class, and accentuated by age
The nursing intervention had no significant effect on general self-efficacy and perceived social support in either women or men despite an increase in the scores of the intervention group compared to the control group
Summary
Introduction thePSCV controls, stabilized the glycated hemoglobin levels, and decreased the ingestion of unhealthy foods. The World Health Organization considers noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) to be the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, with cardiovascular diseases being one of the principal NCDs(1). In Chile, cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease) are the leading causes of mortality(2). They are one of the leading causes of disability and impaired quality of life. In Chile, the Cardiovascular Health Program (Programa de Salud Cardiovascular, PSCV) has contributed to an increase in the coverage of people with arterial hypertension and to greater control of arterial pressure (AP) and total cholesterol levels(3). Cardiovascular diseases are still prevalent and cardiovascular risk factors continue to increase(4), probably due to the way in which the provision of care is presented
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