Abstract
Denture dentifrices must be effective and not deleterious to prosthetic devices. This study formulated and evaluated dentifrices based on oils of Copaifera officinalis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Melaleuca alternifolia, Pinus strobus, and Ricinus communis. Organoleptic characteristics (appearance, color, odor, taste), physicochemical properties (pH, density, consistency, rheological, abrasiveness, weight loss, and surface roughness) and antimicrobial (Hole-Plate Diffusion–HPD)/anti-biofilm (Colony Forming Units–CFU) action against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans were evaluated. Formulations were compared with water (negative control) and a commercial dentifrice (positive control). The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). The organoleptic and physicochemical properties were adequate. All dentifrices promoted weight losses, with high values for C. officinalis and R. communis, and an increase in surface roughness, without differing from each other. For antimicrobial action, C. officinalis and E. citriodora dentifrices were similar to positive control showing effectiveness against S. mutans and C. albicans and no dentifrice was effective against S. aureus; regarding the anti-biofilm action, the dentifrices were not effective, showing higher CFU counts than positive control for all microorganisms. The dentifrices presented satisfactory properties; and, although they showed antimicrobial action when evaluated by HPD, they showed no effective anti-biofilm action on multispecies biofilm.
Highlights
Complete denture biofilm is composed of complex microbial communities arising from the association between oral and pathogenic microorganisms [1]
Among the natural components used for dental application, antimicrobial activity has been demonstrated by the oils of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, Copaifera officinalis, Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus citriodora, Melaleuca alternifolia, Pinus strobus, and Ricinus communis, and these could be used as active principles in cleaning products [28,29,30,31,32,33,34]
In vitro studies have evaluated dentifrices for natural teeth based on oils [22] and herbs [23] and have found antimicrobial efficacy against oral microorganisms associated with caries and periodontal disease
Summary
Complete denture biofilm is composed of complex microbial communities arising from the association between oral and pathogenic microorganisms [1]. This biofilm must be removed daily, by proper cleaning since it can cause local and systemic diseases. In addition to the abrasive agent, the disinfectant plays an important role in oral hygiene [17] For this purpose, the literature has reported the possibility of using herbal products, since they have resulted in enhancing the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant action of these products [22,23,24,25,26,27].
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