Effectiveness of mahkota dewa leaves extract as a biofilm inhibitor of propionibacterium acnes growth

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit with various clinical manifestations caused by bacterial colonization of Propionibacterium acnes. Various studies have been performed to improve the modality of acne vulgaris therapy with natural product, such as leaves of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa). This experimental study aims to investigate the effect of the Mahkota Dewa leaves extract against P. acnes by using Disc Diffusion method and Inhibition of Biofilm formation. Research results showed that the Total Flavonoid and Tannin content were 953.10 mg QE/gr DW and 42.67 mg TAE/gr DW, respectively. The Mahkota Dewa leaves extract had a significant antibacterial effect on P. acnes bacteria by using disc diffusion method (p < 0.05), with the widest inhibition zone diameter found at a concentration of 90 ppm (19.20 mm) and the narrowest was 30 ppm (14.20 ppm). Mahkota Dewa leaves extract also significantly inhibited the formation of P. acnes biofilms, where the highest inhibition activity was found at a concentration of 90 ppm (71.58 ± 1.49%) and the lowest was found at a concentration of 30 ppm (58.24 ± 2.52%). Mahkota Dewa leaves extract has showed an antibacterial effect against P. acnes and promise a potential use of acne vulgaris therapy.