Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, often accompanied by oxidative stress. Diabetes treatment is a complicated process in which, in addition to the standard pharmacological action, it is necessary to append a comprehensive approach. Introducing the aspect of non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes allows one to alleviate its many adverse complications. Therefore, it seems important to look for substances that, when included in the daily diet, can improve diabetic parameters. Magnolol, a polyphenolic compound found in magnolia bark, is known for its health-promoting activities and multidirectional beneficial effects on the body. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to systematize the available scientific literature on its beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes and its complications. Taking the above into consideration, the article collects data on the favorable effects of magnolol on parameters related to glycemia, lipid metabolism, or oxidative stress in the course of diabetes. After careful analysis of many scientific articles, it can be concluded that this lignan is a promising agent supporting the conventional therapies with antidiabetic drugs in order to manage diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.
Highlights
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An in vivo oxygen-induced retinopathy model in C57BL/6J mice that were treated intraperitoneally with magnolol at the dose of 25 mg/kg for five days showed that magnolol partially influenced retinal neovascularization by inhibiting glial cell degradation and preventing microglial inflammatory responses induced by the signaling pathway of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [90]
We tried to present the current state of knowledge regarding the effect of magnolol on the course of diabetes and its complications based on the animal studies
Summary
In short diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by a disturbed carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. To present the therapeutic effect of magnolol on type 2 diabetes, its complications and comorbidities, the scientific literature databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were reviewed For this purpose, the following keywords and their combinations were used: magnolol, Magnolia, diabetes, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, obesity, reproductive system, ocular complication, diabetic foot, testes, ovaries, inflammation, lipid profile, glucose, insulin, or intestinal microflora. The consequence of the excessive production of ROS during oxidative phosphorylation is the up-regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2, leading to electron leakage and reduction of ATP synthesis These processes potentially cause disruptions in insulin secretion in the cells of the pancreas [35,37,38]. Parameters of Lipid Metabolism Homeostasis decrease in TG, TC and LDL levels in the serum decrease in TC level in the plasma increase in SOD, CAT and GPx activities, decrease in MDA level and CYP2E1 activity in the liver decrease in AGEs level in kidney glomeruli increase in IL-10 level in the plasma
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