Abstract
We investigated the relationship between impedance parameters and skeletal muscle function in the lower extremities, as well as the effectiveness of impedance parameters in evaluating muscle quality. Lower extremity impedance of 19 healthy men (aged 23–31 years) measured using the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis were arc-optimized using the Cole–Cole model, following which phase angle (PA), {R}_{i}/{R}_{e}, and β were estimated. Skeletal muscle function was assessed by muscle thickness, muscle intensity, and isometric knee extension force (IKEF). IKEF was positively correlated with PA (r = 0.58, p < 0.01) and β (r = 0.34, p < 0.05) was negatively correlated with {R}_{i}/{R}_{e} (r = − 0.43, p < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis results revealed that PA, β, and {R}_{i}/{R}_{e} were correlated with IKEF independently of muscle thickness. This study suggests that arc-optimized impedance parameters are effective for evaluating muscle quality and prediction of muscle strength.
Highlights
Skeletal muscle function has been shown to be influenced by both quantitative factors and qualitative factors [1]
The subjects’ physical characteristics and data of isometric knee extension force (IKEF), Muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris (QFMT), Muscle intensity of quadriceps femoris (QFMI), and lower extremity impedance parameters are given in Tables 1 and 2, respectively
The results of stepwise multiple regression analysis with IKEF as the objective variable are given in Table 4. QFMT was shown to be significantly related in Model 1
Summary
Skeletal muscle function has been shown to be influenced by both quantitative factors (e.g., number of muscle fibers and cross-sectional area) and qualitative factors [1]. Qualitative factors include an increase in noncontractile tissue (e.g., fatty infiltration in skeletal muscle and myofascial degeneration) [2]. These are known to be caused by inactivity even in young people [3]. Methods for evaluating muscle quality include physiological tests and diagnostic imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (US) Of these tests, US is noninvasive and Indirect body composition evaluation, which estimates skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass using differences in tissue electrical conductivity and transmittance in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, has recently become widespread. BIA is a non-invasive measurement technique based on the electrophysiological properties of biological tissues
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