Abstract
<i>Striga hermonthica</i>, an obligate root hemi-parasite, is a massive biological constraint that hinders maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) production in western part of Kenya particularly when susceptible varieties are used. Use of Imazapyr resistant hybrids coated with small doses of imazapyr herbicide offers potential for management of <i>Striga hermonthica</i> and increase maize production. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Imazapyr Resistant Maize (IRM) and selected striga tolerant varieties on <i>S. hermonthica</i> management and yield of maize. Field trials were conducted during two successive cropping seasons (2018 and 2019) at Alupe Research Station (artificial inoculation), farmer’s field in Rangwe (natural infestation) and Koibatek Agricultural Training College (striga free) in Busia, Homa Bay and Baringo Counties respectively. The genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replication. Test materials comprised of two IRM (H528IR, FRC425IR), two striga tolerant (KSTP94, GAF4), five susceptible commercial hybrids (DK8031, H513, DUMA43, DH04, Haraka 101) and two local landraces (<i>Shipindi, Nya Uyoma</i>). All striga and crop data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated using Tukey’s HSD test. Results showed that IRM varieties significantly (P≤0.05) reduced number of emerged striga plants by 56 and 69% compared to the local landraces and commercial hybrids, respectively. Similarly, IRM varieties produced 50.3 and 79.5% higher grain yields compared to striga tolerant (KSTP94 and GAF 4) and susceptible hybrids, respectively under striga infestation. However, the grain yields recorded at Koibatek ATC (striga free) were 67 and 70% higher than at the Rangwe and Alupe sites, respectively. These findings show that use of Imazapyr resistant technology in maize production contributes to improved striga management and enhances maize grain yields. This technology can be integrated with other measures to contain striga in infested areas.
Highlights
Witch weed (Striga spp.) is a massive root parasite of significant economic importance in much of Africa and parts of Asia where it hinders the production of maize (Zea mays L.) and other cereal crops
The study sites included KALRO Alupe Research Station (0°30 ́N, 34°07 ́E) that lies at 1157 m elevation in Lower Midland (LM3) agro-ecological zone (AEZ) in Busia County; natural striga infested farmer’s field in Rangwe (0°37'S, 34°37'E) which lies at 1700 m elevation in Lower Midland (LM2) AEZ in Homa Bay County and the striga free site, Koibatek Agricultural Training College (10° 35 ́S, 36°66 ́E) which lies at 1890 m elevation in upper midland (UM4) AEZ in Baringo County
Test materials comprised of two imazapyr resistant (IR) maize obtained from Kenya Seed Company (H528IR) and Freshco Seed Company (FRC425IR), two striga tolerant varieties obtained from KALRO Kakamega (KSTP94, GAF4), five commercial hybrids (DK8031, H513, DUMA 43, DH 04, Haraka 101) and two open pollinated local landraces, considered as striga tolerant, Shipindi obtained from farmers in Alupe and Nya Uyoma from farmers in Rangwe (Table 1)
Summary
Witch weed (Striga spp.) is a massive root parasite of significant economic importance in much of Africa and parts of Asia where it hinders the production of maize (Zea mays L.) and other cereal crops. In Kenya, Striga hermonthica is the predominant species that poses a serious threats to maize production sometimes leading to total crop loss [35]. A single host plant can support over a hundred parasitic weeds, each capable of producing tens of thousands of seeds [40]. These seeds persistently remain in the soil spoiling the fields against future cereal production. Increasing imazapyr-resistant maize yield by increasing plant density under natural Striga hermonthica infestation, Agriculture Biology Journal North America. Nairobi: published by Ministry of Agriculture and German Agency for Technical Cooperation
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