Abstract
Background: Positional skull deformity usually manifests during first six months of life due to various factors like premature births or multiple births, improper positioning of infant’s head as the head of an infant is softer than the older children’s head, thus leading to either positional brachycephaly or positional plagiocephaly. Early helmet therapy intervention may improve the shape of the skull by reducing the risk of secondary cosmetic and nervous system complications.
 Aim: To study the effectiveness of helmet therapy in infants with positional skull deformity.
 Methods: The data source for this literature review is done by studying and reviewing articles through various data like Pub Med, Google Scholar, science direct, Elsevier and medicine Cochrane library.
 Conclusion: Helmet therapy is contemplated to be effective in the treatment of mild-moderate-severe positional skull deformity than repositioning therapy by improving the structure of the misshaped skull, as well as the use of helmet therapy is reviewed not to hinder the head circumference growth in infants.
Highlights
Positional skull deformity (PSD) is a deformity in which the occiput is flattened with consistent facial asymmetry
The conclusion of the studies stated that helmet therapy showed effective and faster improvement of severe cranial asymmetry in infants with positional plagiocephaly when treated during early infancy than in infants treated with conservative therapy
A softer skull is a normal part of the development, but any pressure on it can lead to a change in the shape of the head [11,12] .They are mainly of 2 types that are plagiocephaly which results in unilateral flattening in the parieto-occipital region and brachycephaly that is symmetrical flattening of the back of the head [11,13]
Summary
Positional skull deformity (PSD) is a deformity in which the occiput is flattened with consistent facial asymmetry. Recent clinical researches have indicated that maximum mild to moderate PSD can be recuperated to normal or be suggestively revised by repositioning therapy at the initial phases in infants (within 4 months of birth) The former PSD is identified, better will be the correction impact and lower the expense. For moderate and severe PSD after 4 months of age, the child may have to wear a helmet or undergo remedial surgical procedure in rare cases, which will enormously expand the expense of therapy, discomfort (for the infant) and burden on the family. Along these lines, it is critical to identify and correct PSD in early infancy [3]. Conclusion: Helmet therapy is contemplated to be effective in the treatment of mild-moderatesevere positional skull deformity than repositioning therapy by improving the structure of the misshaped skull, as well as the use of helmet therapy is reviewed not to hinder the head circumference growth in infants.
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