Abstract
BackgroundMango anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most important diseases of mango crop. It mainly attacks leaves, flowers, young fruits and twigs and also appears as a post-harvest disease of ripened fruits. Application of bio-control agents has huge potential in plant disease management. The goal of the present research was to establish the potential of individual and combined bio-control agents for the management of mango anthracnose under in vitro and under field conditions.ResultsThe antagonistic reaction of six fungi, six bacteria and nine yeasts against C. gloeosporioides on potato dextrose agar medium and malt extract agar medium was observed among which Trichoderma harzianum was found to be the most efficient with 89.26% mycelial growth inhibition. Evaluation of bio-control agents against anthracnose disease development on mango fruit revealed that dip treatment of mango fruits in spore suspension (1.2 × 104 cfu/ml) of T. harzianum for 5 min was the most effective and provided disease control to the tune of 81.67%. Combined application of effective bio-control agents as a post-harvest fruit dip treatment was also evaluated against the mango anthracnose on mango fruits, where the treatment of T. harzianum + Pichia anomala was very effective with 93.39% disease control. Under field conditions, three consecutive sprays of T. harzianum, starting with the initiation of disease on leaves, followed by other two sprays at an interval of 15 days during 2015 and 2016 were found the best for the management of mango anthracnose disease both on leaves and on fruits at two locations.ConclusionsThe combined and individual applications of bio-control agents, viz.T. harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and P. anomala, through foliar spray or by fruit dip had the potential to control mango anthracnose. The bio-formulations of these bio-control agents had the potential to replace chemical fungicides and also protect the natural environment, thus playing a significant role in integrated disease management.
Highlights
Mango anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most important diseases of mango crop
Identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides On the basis of mycelial and conidial characteristics, the isolated fungus was identified as C. gloeosporioides (Additional file 1: Fig. 2s)
The sequence of the region was compared with National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)-Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) database
Summary
Mango anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most important diseases of mango crop. The goal of the present research was to establish the potential of individual and combined bio-control agents for the management of mango anthracnose under in vitro and under field conditions. Bio-control agents (BCAs) and natural compounds have the potential to use for disease management to avoid the use of chemical fungicides. The production of pectinase and chitinase enzymes by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, T. asperellum, and T. atroviride against Rhizoctonia solani had been demonstrated (Sallem et al 2021). These three species solubilized phosphors and produced siderophores and indole acetic acid, which helped the augmentation of growth of the soybean plants. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the potential of fungal, bacterial and yeast antagonists for the management of mango anthracnose
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