Abstract
Background. From the clinical oncologic experience, fractionation of the radiation dose offers a better therapeutic window, both with respect to effectiveness and unwanted side effects. Thus, we undertook a pilot study in a rodent model, using a single dose of 15 Gy compared with fractionation schedules of 5 or 10 daily applications of 3 Gy. Materials and Methods. Using a previously described rat angioplasty model, animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: unilateral balloon injury, sham irradiation; unilateral balloon injury, bilateral 15 Gy single dose irradiation; unilateral balloon injury, bilateral 3 Gy × 5 daily fractions; or unilateral balloon injury, bilateral 3 Gy × 10 daily fractions. Results and Conclusions. All three radiation groups demonstrated a clear inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. We therefore offer evidence for the effectiveness of fractionated radiation as a means to inhibit vascular restenosis in a rat carotid model. However, the 3 Gy × 5 schedule was less effective than either the 3 Gy × 10 schedule or the 15 Gy single dose. This study must be repeated using longer time points to provide proof of principle.
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