Effectiveness of Fistuloclysis in Nutritional Management of Enteroatmospheric Fistulas: A Retrospective Study at Santo Tomás Hospital, Panama.

Abstract

Introduction Enteroatmospheric fistulas (EAF) present significant challenges in surgical management due to their complex nature and high mortality rate. Traditional approaches often rely on prolonged parenteral nutrition, but emerging evidence suggests the potential benefits of enteral nutrition via fistuloclysis, an underappreciated enteral nutrition route. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional therapy, specifically fistuloclysis, in patients with EAF managed at the Trauma Unit of Santo Tomás Hospital, Panama. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on nine male patients diagnosed with EAF between January 2016 and December 2020. Data on demographics, fistula characteristics, and nutritional management were collected through chart review. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results We analyzed nine patients, all of whom received enteral nutrition (EN) via fistuloclysis in a median of 5.5 days from the diagnosis of EAF. Seven patients required parenteral nutrition (PN) at the beginning. The use of specialized enteral formulas, supplemented with hydrolyzed proteins and medium-chain triglycerides, facilitated discontinuation of PN once 80% of nutritional requirements were met via the enteral route, and EN was continued until definitive surgery. The median duration of PN was 34 days. No adverse effects related to EN were observed, whereas complications such as central venous catheter infections were reported in all cases requiring PN. Conclusion Fistuloclysis is a viable and effective alternative to traditional PN in patients with EAF. Specialized nutritional strategies, including the use of semi-elemental formulas, contribute to improved outcomes and reduced complications. Early initiation and gradual increase in enteral nutrition via fistuloclysis demonstrate safety and efficacy, underscoring the importance of tailored nutritional approaches in optimizing patient care for complex surgical conditions.