Effectiveness of Doxazosin in Treatment of Distal Ureteral Stones in Children

Abstract

We evaluated the effectiveness of doxazosin in children with distal ureteral stones in terms of stone expulsion rates and time to expulsion. A total of 39 patients 2 to 14 years old with lower ureteral stones smaller than 10 mm were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 20 controls receiving ibuprofen for pain and group 2 consisted of 19 patients receiving doxazosin. Doxazosin dose was approximately 0.03 mg/kg daily. All patients were evaluated with x-ray, ultrasound or spiral computerized tomography. Stone expulsion rates and time to expulsion between the groups were compared. Mean followup was 19 days. Effects of doxazosin were also evaluated by comparing subgroups with stones smaller than 5 mm and 5 to 10 mm. Results were also evaluated with special emphasis on gender and age. Expulsion was observed in 14 patients (70%) in group 1 and 16 (84%) in group 2 (p >0.05). Mean expulsion times for groups 1 and 2 were 6.1 and 5.9 days, respectively (p >0.05). Although fewer pain episodes were observed in the treatment group, this finding could not be evaluated objectively. None of the patients experienced any adverse effects. Administration of 0.03 mg/kg doxazosin daily in children to treat distal ureteral stones up to 10 mm is not superior to analgesic alone. This result is not affected by gender, stone size or patient age. However, additional randomized controlled studies, especially including larger stone volumes, and different doses of doxazosin and other alpha-blockers, might highlight the usefulness of alpha-blockers for ureteral stones in children.