Abstract
A viral spread occurrence such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted the evaluation of different disinfectants suitable for a wide range of environmental matrices. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) represents one of the most-used virucidal agents in different settings effective against both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. This narrative synthesis is focused on the effectiveness of ClO2 applied in healthcare and community settings in order to eliminate respiratory transmitted, enteric, and bloodborne viruses. Influenza viruses were reduced by 99.9% by 0.5–1.0 mg/L of ClO2 in less than 5 min. Higher concentration (20 mg/L) eliminated SARS-CoV-2 from sewage. ClO2 concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L ensured at least a 99% viral reduction of AD40, HAV, Coxsackie B5 virus, and other enteric viruses in less than 30 min. Considering bloodborne viruses, 30 mg/L of ClO2 can eliminate them in 5 min. Bloodborne viruses (HIV-1, HCV, and HBV) may be completely eliminated from medical devices and human fluids after a treatment with 30 mg/L of ClO2 for 30 min. In conclusion, ClO2 is a versatile virucidal agent suitable for different environmental matrices.
Highlights
Disinfection treatments in healthcare and community settings are aimed at achieving microbiological compliance for environmental matrices
The viral inactivation by ClO2 was studied by Thurston-Enriquez et al on Adenovirus type 40 (AD40)
Chlorine dioxide has been widely applied in environmental matrix disinfections, mostly for waters and wastewaters
Summary
Disinfection treatments in healthcare and community settings are aimed at achieving microbiological compliance for environmental matrices (drinking water, air, and surfaces). The use of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a disinfection agent for drinking water has been increasing in recent years It is an unstable gas produced on-site by mechanical generators using acid-based or electrolytic methods [1], and it is usually used for water treatment at a concentration between 0.1 and 5.0 mg/L. It is used as an oxidant agent [2] decomposing the biofilm inside pipes and tanks [3], and it can react only by oxidation with a low trihalomethanes (THM) formation in water.
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