Abstract
Various type of sticky traps is frequently used for monitoring the sucking pests like jassid, aphid, whitefly, and thrips. Light traps and pheromones traps are species specific and commonly used for capturing the moths such as Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera and Leucinodes orbonalis. The sucking and chewing are very destructive pests of various crops such as cotton, cabbage, brinjal, okra, tomato and onion all over the world, Insect pests are controlled by various methods but insecticides are commonly used method to control these pests. A filed experiment was conducted to determine the attraction of insect pests to different sticky traps like red, blue, yellow, orange, pale yellow-green and white while light and pheromone traps also installed to capture the Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera and Leucinodes orbonalis moths during 2019. The study showed that that yellow sticky traps were the most effective for monitoring and managing thrips and whiteflies in cotton crops. In brinjal crop, the highest adult population of thrips, whitefly, jassid, and aphid was 139, 13, 29 and 13 per card, respectively were recorded on green traps. Light traps and pheromone traps were proved effective control against chewing insect pests especially Spodoptera litura followed by Helicoverpa armigera and Leucinodes orbonalis. The current study concluded that eco-friendly and natural approaches such as use of traps are helpful in pest management on agricultural crops.
Highlights
The economy of Pakistan depends on agricultural crops such as cotton, maize, cabbage, cauliflower, sorghum, and brinjal
Data Recording: During the whole study period, data were recorded on weekly basis early in the morning (Sanghi et al, 2014) from agricultural crops such as cotton, onion, sorghum, cabbage, tomato, okra and brinjal (Qayyoum et al, 2014)
Pests populations; jassid, thrips, whitefly, and aphid were recorded by counting the number of their adults and nymphs on each sticky trap while adult population was counted that captured in light traps
Summary
The economy of Pakistan depends on agricultural crops such as cotton, maize, cabbage, cauliflower, sorghum, and brinjal. The quality and quantity (Oerke, 2006) of crops is reducing day by day due to various reasons such as insect pests (Glen, 2000) and environmental factors. The various management approaches such as cultural, botanical, biological and chemicals have been adopted by peoples to control insect pests. Among all these methods, chemical control is an excessively used method to control the pests. The excessive use of insecticides is harmful to beneficial fauna cause environmental (Pimentel et al, 1992) pollution and insect resistance (Reddy, 2011)
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