Abstract
BackgroundThe ascarid, Toxocara canis, is a common and important zoonotic intestinal nematode parasite that infects dogs globally. An effective treatment that kills any pre-patent stages of immature T. canis could additionally reduce or eliminate the development of patent infections that can result in clinical disease in infected dogs and would further reduce environmental contamination of eggs. Two randomized, blinded, GCP-compliant, pivotal laboratory dose confirmation studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of a new novel combination of lotilaner and milbemycin oxime tablets (Credelio Plus) administered orally to dogs that were experimentally infected with immature (L4 or immature adult [L5]) stages of T. canis.MethodsThe commercial tablet formulation of Credelio Plus® was administered in a time frame relative to inoculation with infective eggs. This allowed for effectiveness to be assessed against each specific immature stage of T. canis. In each study, dogs were randomized and allocated to one of four treatment groups. Each treatment group contained ten dogs that had been experimentally inoculated on Day 0 with infective T. canis eggs and then were dosed once on Day 14 or Day 24 using either placebo tablets or Credelio Plus tablets (IP) to provide minimum dosages of 0.75 mg/kg of milbemycin oxime and 20 mg/kg of lotilaner. All dogs were necropsied 5 or 6 days after their respective treatment. At necropsy, all nematodes recovered from the gastrointestinal tract were counted by species and stage.ResultsIn both dose confirmation studies using geometric mean worm counts, effectiveness of Credelio Plus was ≥ 98.6% and ≥ 96.8% against L4 larval stage T. canis and immature adult [L5] T. canis in both studies, respectively.ConclusionsThese studies demonstrated that the Credelio Plus combination tablet administered orally to dogs was highly efficacious against experimental infections with L4 and immature adult [L5] stages of T. canis.Graphical
Highlights
The ascarid, Toxocara canis, is a common and important zoonotic intestinal nematode parasite that infects dogs globally
It has been documented that dogs infected with T. canis play a significant role in the transmission of this potentially zoonotic nematode by excreting eggs directly into the environment where humans and other dogs can be subsequently exposed to infective eggs
It has been shown that a minimum dosage of 0.75 mg/ kg of Milbemycin oxime (MO) will prevent angiostrogylosis by reducing the infection level of immature adult [L5] and adult stages of the French Heartworm Angiostrongylus vasorum as well as larval and immature adult stages of A. caninum and T. canis [10, 11]
Summary
The ascarid, Toxocara canis, is a common and important zoonotic intestinal nematode parasite that infects dogs globally. Two randomized, blinded, GCP-compliant, pivotal laboratory dose confirmation studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of a new novel combination of lotilaner and milbemycin oxime tablets (Credelio Plus) administered orally to dogs that were experimentally infected with immature (L4 or immature adult [L5]) stages of T. canis. Each treatment group contained ten dogs that had been experimentally inoculated on Day 0 with infective T. canis eggs and were dosed once on Day 14 or Day 24 using either placebo tablets or Credelio Plus tablets (IP) to provide minimum dosages of 0.75 mg/kg of milbemycin oxime and 20 mg/kg of lotilaner. Milbemycin oxime (MO) has been shown to be effective in combination with other drug substances administered to dogs naturally or experimentally infected with different species of adult intestinal nematodes as demonstrated in both laboratory and field studies [9]. The second drug substance in this fixed combination, lotilaner (CredelioTM), has demonstrated excellent effectiveness against several ectoparasites (i.e. fleas, ticks, mites) on dogs [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]
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