Effectiveness of clonidine as a preanesthetic drug on intra operative blood loss in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Abstract

Controlled hypotension during a surgical procedure is a way to decrease blood pressure and subsequently to improve the field of operation. Clonidine is an antihypertensive drug which acts through facilitation of Alph-2 post-synaptic receptors and in addition to its antihypertensive, anti-anxiety and analgesic effects, its beneficial effects in reducing the bleeding during. Correction of maxillomandibular discrepancies may necessitate performing osteotomy on both the jaws in several cases. Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty are procedures associated with significant blood making proper hemostasis essential for a surgical field that is free of excessive blood, reduced postoperative swelling, and appropriate surgical results. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of Clonidine as a pre-anesthetic drug on intraoperative blood loss in maxillofacial surgery. The Databases of PubMed, Cochrane and Google scholar were searched for the related topics along with a complimentary manual search of all oral surgery journals till January 2021. Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria, which included all RCTs. From this study it is concluded that clonidine premedication is effective in reducing intraoperative blood loss as well as providing hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing different maxillofacial surgeries.