Abstract
Objectivecardiovascular abnormalities are consistently associated with fall risk in older people. However, little research has been done to assess the effect of cardiovascular interventions on fall risk. The aim of this scoping review is to explore the current literature on the effectiveness of cardiovascular evaluations and interventions in reducing fall risk in older people.Designscoping review.Data sourcesMedline, Cochrane Library, and WHO ICTRP Search Portal were systematically searched.Selection criteriarandomized controlled trials (RCTs) and intervention studies of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years or with a mean age of >60 years that assessed the effect of a cardiovascular assessment and interventions in reducing fall risk. Key search concepts were “falls” and “aged”, and terms for different cardiovascular evaluations and interventions were included. The Cochrane Checklist for risk of bias and the ROBINS-I tool were used to assess the quality of the studies.Resultsseven studies were included. The majority showed a reduction in falls after cardiovascular evaluation and intervention. Two out of four studies that focused on carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) as a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor for falls, showed a significant reduction in falls after pacemaker implantation. Two studies that looked at sinus node dysfunction (SND) both showed a significant reduction in falls after pacemaker implantation. One study showed that 33% of the patients experienced a fall after cardiovascular evaluation and intervention, whereas all patients fell before assessment.Conclusionsthe majority of the included studies showed a reduction in falls after the intervention. However, the number of published papers regarding the effect of cardiovascular assessment and interventions on falls is small. A standardized assessment of cardiovascular risk factors may be essential in preventing falls in older adults and could consequently reduce injuries, loss of quality of life, deaths, and fall-related expenditures.
Highlights
Falls among older people are a major problem, as one in three people of 65 years or older falls each year [1]
53% of patients fell before implantation vs. 15% after implantation (p
Fall-incidence in patients with carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) was significantly reduced after pacemaker implantation
Summary
Falls among older people are a major problem, as one in three people of 65 years or older falls each year [1]. Multiple risk factors associated with falling have been identified, including age, gender, impaired balance and gait, medication, and cardiovascular diseases [6]. Several studies have endorsed the association between fall risk and orthostatic hypotension, structural cardias abnormalities, and atrial fibrillation as well as other arrhythmias [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. These cardiovascular disorders form potentially modifiable risk factors for falls
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