Abstract
PurposeEffective treatment strategies for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) patients are eagerly warranted. Recently, convincing oncological outcomes were demonstrated by carbon ion radiotherapy. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence for this modern radiation technique due to the limited number of carbon ion facilities worldwide. Here, we analyze feasibility and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy in the management of LAPC at Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT).MethodsBetween 2015 and 2020, 21 LAPC patients were irradiated with carbon ions with a total dose of 48 Gy (RBE) in single doses of 4 Gy (RBE). Three patients (14%) were treated with concomitant chemotherapy with gemcitabine 300 mg/m2 body surface weekly. Toxicity rates were extracted from the charts. Overall survival, progression free survival, local control, and locoregional control were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier estimates.ResultsOne patient developed ascites CTCAE grade III during radiotherapy, which was related to a later histologically confirmed metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis. No further higher-graded toxicity could be observed. The most common symptoms were nausea and abdominal pain. After a median estimated follow-up time of 19.1 months, the median progression free survival was 3.7 months, and the median overall survival was 11.9 months. The estimated 1-year local control and locoregional control rates were 89 and 84%, respectively.ConclusionCarbon ion radiotherapy of LAPC patients is safely feasible. Local tumor control rates were high. Nevertheless, compared to historical data, an overall survival improvement could not be observed. This could be explained by the poor prognosis of the selected underlying patients that mostly did not respond to prior chemotherapy as well as the early and frequent emergence of distant metastases that demonstrate the necessity of additional chemotherapy in further studies.
Highlights
In pancreatic cancer, there is a lack of effective therapy options
Another patient was included in the study, he presented with hepatic metastases due to the fact that the hepatic metastases responded excellently to initial chemotherapy
The combination of gemcitabine chemotherapy and carbon ion radiotherapy was not tested to be safely applicable in 2015 which resulted in restrictive concomitant chemotherapy prescription at our institution
Summary
There is a lack of effective therapy options. The limited five-year overall survival rate of 5–10% [1] could only be marginally challenged by modern treatment strategies. Surgical resection is the only curative therapy [2]. In the majority of the patients, the tumor is deemed unresectable due to distant metastases or due to vessel involvement. Iacobuzio-Donahue et al demonstrated local disease burden to be the cause of approximately one third of all pancreatic cancer related deaths [3]. These findings demonstrate the urgent need for effective local treatment strategies
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