Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Although global neonatal mortality declined by about 40 percent from 1990 to 2013, it still accounted for about 2.6 million deaths globally and constituted 42 percent of global under-five deaths. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries. Antenatal care (ANC) is a globally recommended strategy used to prevent neonatal deaths. In Kenya, over 90 percent of pregnant women attend at least one ANC visit during pregnancy. However, Kenya is currently among the 10 countries that contribute the most neonatal deaths globally. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of ANC services in reducing neonatal mortality in Kenya. Methods: We used binary logistic regression to analyse cross-sectional data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey to investigate the effectiveness of ANC services in reducing neonatal mortality in Kenya. We determined the population attributable neonatal mortality fraction for the lack of selected antenatal interventions. Results: The highest odds of neonatal mortality were among neonates whose mothers did not attend any ANC visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–9.1) and whose mothers lacked skilled ANC attendance during pregnancy (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4–6.1). Lack of tetanus injection relative to one tetanus injection was significantly associated with neonatal mortality (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0–6.0). About 38 percent of all neonatal deaths in Kenya were attributable to lack of check-ups for pregnancy complications. Conclusions: Lack of check-ups for pregnancy complications, unskilled ANC provision and lack of tetanus injection were associated with neonatal mortality in Kenya. Integrating community ANC outreach programmes in the national policy strategy and training geared towards early detection of complications can have positive implications for neonatal survival.
Highlights
Global neonatal mortality declined by about 40 percent from 1990 to 2013, it still accounted for about 2.6 million deaths globally and constituted 42 percent of global under-five deaths
The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) was twice higher among neonates whose mothers had no tetanus toxoid (TT) injection as compared to those who had one TT injection
The NMRs were comparatively higher among neonates whose mothers had no or fewer than 90 iron/folic acid (IFA) tablets, no blood pressure (BP) check and no blood tests or urine analysis, there was no statistically significant associations (p 0.05) detected between the lack of these Antenatal care (ANC) interventions and neonatal mortality
Summary
Global neonatal mortality declined by about 40 percent from 1990 to 2013, it still accounted for about 2.6 million deaths globally and constituted 42 percent of global under-five deaths. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries. Antenatal care (ANC) is a globally recommended strategy used to prevent neonatal deaths. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of ANC services in reducing neonatal mortality in Kenya. Antenatal care (ANC) is one of the key strategies recommended to reduce the risk of neonatal mortality in any community irrespective of socio-demographic background [1,2,3,4]. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), high numbers of neonatal deaths are sustained by the high fertility rate of about 5.1 births per woman [10]
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