Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on oral bacteria in tongue coating compared with tongue brushing.Material and methodsThirty‐two healthy, young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. The volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentration, Winkel tongue‐coating index (WTCI), and the number of total bacteria in addition to Fusobacterium nucleatum in tongue coating were measured. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for Intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for Intervention II, and three oral care tablets 1 day before the measurement for Intervention III.ResultsThere were significant differences in terms of the level of H2S, VSC, and WTCI at Intervention I and all evaluation values at Intervention II. There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2S, VSC, WTCI, the number of total bacteria, and F. nucleatum at Intervention III. The value of WTCI, the number of bacteria, and F. nucleatum decreased significantly after taking the oral care tablets than after tongue brushing. When compared with Interventions I and III, Intervention III showed the effective results; there were significant differences in the number of total bacteria and F. nucleatum between tongue brushing and taking tablets.ConclusionsThese results suggested that the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder could be effective in reducing total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating when compared with tongue brushing.
Highlights
IntroductionIn the report of the Japanese Survey of Dental Diseases,(Report on the Survey of Dental Diseases, 2016) the percentage of people with concern about their bad breath was 9.6%
Oral malodor is one of the concerns among a large number of people in recent years
In the report of the Japanese Survey of Dental Diseases,(Report on the Survey of Dental Diseases, 2016) the percentage of people with concern about their bad breath was 9.6%. It reported that oral malodor was caused mainly by volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in mouth air, and these include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)2S].(Tonzetich, 1971) oral bacteria related to periodontal disease are capable of producing large amounts of VSCs.(Nakano, Yoshimura, & Koga, 2002; Shibuya, 2001) Among them, Fusobacterium nucleatum is known to the periodontal pathogen implicated in oral malodor due to different substances such as H2S and CH3SH results from bacterial metabolic activity.(Claesson, Edlund, Persson, & Carlsson, 1990; Nakano et al, 2002)
Summary
In the report of the Japanese Survey of Dental Diseases,(Report on the Survey of Dental Diseases, 2016) the percentage of people with concern about their bad breath was 9.6% It reported that oral malodor was caused mainly by volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in mouth air, and these include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)2S].(Tonzetich, 1971) oral bacteria related to periodontal disease are capable of producing large amounts of VSCs.(Nakano, Yoshimura, & Koga, 2002; Shibuya, 2001) Among them, Fusobacterium nucleatum is known to the periodontal pathogen implicated in oral malodor due to different substances such as H2S and CH3SH results from bacterial metabolic activity.(Claesson, Edlund, Persson, & Carlsson, 1990; Nakano et al, 2002). (Murata, Yamaga, Iida, & Miyazaki, 2002) Tongue coating causes physiological halitosis and pathological halitosis.(Yaegaki & Sanada, 1992a) The tongue dorsum is the largest surface in the mouth, and its papillary structure is complicated and highly colonized by bacteria. Few studies showed the effect of actinidin from kiwifruit powder on oral bacteria
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