Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation Program versus Conventional Physical Therapy in Improving Motor Function and Balance in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and functional impairment worldwide, often resulting in balance and motor function deficits. Conventional stroke therapy, primarily consisting of aerobic exercise and physical training, does not fully address neuroplasticity-related motor improvements in stroke survivors. Recent advancements in technology have enabled the development of virtual reality-based rehabilitation (VRBR), which offers immersive, intensive therapy that may be more effective than traditional methods. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of VRBR compared to conventional physical therapy (CPT) in enhancing motor function and balance in individuals who have experienced a stroke. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Johar Poly Clinic, Lahore, over a 9-month period, with 56 participants who had recent stroke diagnoses. Participants were randomly assigned to either the VRBR or CPT group. Balance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale, and functional abilities were assessed with the Barthel Index Scale. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential methods to identify within-group and between-group differences. Results: In the study, both the Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation (VRBR) and Conventional Physical Therapy (CPT) groups showed improvements, but the VRBR group exhibited statistically significant increases in both balance and functional abilities. Specifically, Berg Balance Scale scores improved more in the VRBR group (from 20 ± 3.5 at baseline to 30 ± 6 at 9 months) compared to the CPT group (from 19 ± 4 to 25 ± 5). Similarly, Barthel Index Scale scores, which measure functional abilities, increased substantially in the VRBR group (from 40 ± 6 to 55 ± 9), outperforming the CPT group (from 39 ± 5.5 to 48 ± 8) over the 9-month study period. These results indicate a potential advantage of VRBR in enhancing balance and functional independence among stroke survivors. Conclusion: Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation demonstrates significant potential in improving balance and functional abilities among stroke survivors compared to conventional physical therapy. The immersive nature and intensity of VRBR may contribute to its effectiveness, suggesting its incorporation into stroke rehabilitation protocols.