Abstract
Nurses with rotating shifts, including night shifts, have suffered from low physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and lower sleep quality due to the disruption of their circadian rhythm. This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of a mobile wellness program on daily steps, sleep quality, exercise self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation for exercise, self-rated fatigue, and wellness. A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used to examine the effectiveness of the mobile wellness program for nurses with rotating shifts. Sixty nurses from one university hospital participated and were allocated to an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received a 12-week mobile wellness program to improve their physical activity and sleep quality, and the control group was only given a Fitbit to self-monitor their health behaviors. There were significant differences between the two groups in daily steps (p = 0.000), three components (subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance, daytime dysfunction) of the PSQI, exercise self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation for exercise, and wellness. In conclusion, this study provides meaningful information that the mobile wellness program using Fitbit, online exercise using Zoom, online health coaching on a Korean mobile platform, and motivational text messages effectively promoted physical activity and sleep quality for nurses with rotating shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Highlights
The exposure of nursing staff to shift work is inevitable because hospital nurses need to provide continuous patient care around the clock
A mobile wellness program for nurses with rotating shifts to promote physical activity and sleep quality was designed for 12 weeks, where Fitbit, online exercise using Zoom, online health coaching through Kakao Talk as a Korean mobile platform, and motivational text messages to set up the long-term goal and short-term goals were provided to the intervention group
This study provides meaningful knowledge that a mobile wellness program for nurses with rotating shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic effectively promoted physical activity and sleep quality
Summary
The exposure of nursing staff to shift work is inevitable because hospital nurses need to provide continuous patient care around the clock. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses are subject to challenging occupational demands, including long working hours, physically demanding workloads, and irregularly rotating shifts. Nurses are unlikely to participate in physical activity programs provided by institutions or public health centers due to poor work environments with irregular shifts, night shifts, and long working hours. The customized interventions for nurses with rotating shifts are required to improve the physical activity and sleep quality provided in everyday lives because nurses working rotating shifts or night shifts have poorer health-promoting behaviors and fewer opportunities for exercising than non-shift workers [13]. This study aimed to develop a mobile wellness program to promote physical activity and sleep quality using Fitbit, online exercise, health coaching through a Korean mobile platform, and motivational text messages. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the program on daily steps, sleep quality, exercise self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation for exercise, self-rated fatigue, and wellness
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