Abstract
Objective: We aimed to determine the effectiveness of an identified Javanese turmeric ethanolic extract (IIJTEE) for eradicating biofilms formed byStreptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, or both.Methods: Such biofilms during different growth phases were exposed to various concentrations of an IJTEE to determine its effects on bacterialproliferation.Results: The effectiveness of the IJTEE in eradicating the S. mutans biofilm was concentration-dependent but not when used to treat P. gingivalis andS. mutans - P. gingivalis biofilms.Conclusion: The effectiveness of the IJTEE for eradicating biofilms formed by S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and S. mutans plus P. gingivalis biofilms dependedon the growth phase of the biofilm. Thus, IJTEE eradicated biofilms formed by S. mutans, P. gingivalis, or both.
Highlights
Indonesian Basic Health Survey conducted in 2013 reveals that the percentage of the population with dental and oral problems (25.9%) increased by 2.7% in 2007 [1]
The percentage eradication of biofilms formed by S. mutans, P. gingivalis, or both was determined as follows: The MBEC90 value of the IJTEE for the adhesion phase of the biofilm was 0.5%
The MBEC50 and MBEC90 values of the IJTEE for the S. mutans biofilm during the maturation phase were 0.5% and 15%, respectively, and differed significantly between the 0.5% and 25% IJTEE groups and the negative control, while the activity of the IJTEE was comparable with the positive control only at concentrations of 20% and 25%
Summary
Indonesian Basic Health Survey conducted in 2013 reveals that the percentage of the population with dental and oral problems (25.9%) increased by 2.7% in 2007 [1]. The most prevalent oral health problems include caries and periodontal disease, which are initiated by biofilm formation [2,3,4]. Biofilms comprise bacterial microcolonies that adhere to tooth surfaces. An extracellular matrix protects the bacteria from antibiotics and hosts defense mechanisms. Bacteria in biofilms undergo multiple phenotypic changes, mediated by differential gene expression, which confer increased resistance to antimicrobial agents in contrast to their planktonic forms [4,5]. Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis form biofilms, individually, or together, which cause diseases of the oral cavity [3,4]
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