Abstract
The study aimed to build a group counseling program in transcendental meditation (TM) and evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing the level of general psychological adjustment of female students in the eleventh grade in the governorate of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, using a semi-empirical method. In order to select the sample of the study, the researcher used the general psychological adjustment scale on eleventh grade female students in the Omamabint Abi Al Aas School for basic education in the governorate of Muscat. Out of 76 female students, 30 students, who attained the lowest grades in the scale, were chosen for the study. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group of 15 students who were trained in the group counseling program in TM, prepared by the researcher, and a control group of 15 students who did not receive any training in the program. The group counseling program included 12 counseling sessions over six weeks (two sessions a week). Each session was 45-60 minutes long. They also received a pre-program, a post-program, and a follow-up session. The program was based on the theory of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and focused on cognitive behavioral methods.The results of the study were as follows: Statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.05) were found in the scales of psychological adjustment, for the total scale and for each of its dimensions, between the individuals of the two groups: the experimental and the control. The post-test scores were more favorable in the experimental group, which indicates the effectiveness of the group counseling program used in this study. Statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.05) were found between the pre-test and post-test results in the psychological adjustment totals of the scale and for each of its dimensions. These differences were more favorable in the post-test, where the P value in all of it was less than (0.05), which indicates the effectiveness of the group counseling program used in this study. No statistically significant differences of (α ≤ 0.05) were found between the post-test and the followup for the psychological adjustment total scale and for each of its dimensions for the experimental group, where P was greater than (0.05), which indicates that the effect of the group counseling program continues. Based on these results, the study made several recommendations and suggestions to achieve improvement in the level of general psychological adjustment for students of various age groups.
Highlights
Meditation is an ideal method for reaching a deep understanding ofwhat is around us - for reachinga state of awareness
Post-primary students are considered to be among groups that are most likely to be vulnerable to stress, mental distraction andinability to pay attention, concentrate and engage, under achievement and maladjustment, because this phase is the phase when ambtions and aspirations are achieved and decisions about the future are made
The present study attempts to answer the following question: Is it possible to improve the level of general psychological adjustment among eleventh grade female students by using the transcendental meditation (TM) program?
Summary
Meditation is an ideal method for reaching a deep understanding ofwhat is around us - for reachinga state of awareness. Post-primary students are considered to be among groups that are most likely to be vulnerable to stress, mental distraction andinability to pay attention, concentrate and engage, under achievement and maladjustment, because this phase is the phase when ambtions and aspirations are achieved and decisions about the future are made This adolescent phase weakens young people’s ability to deal with stressful events. Despite the great efforts exerted by educators in schools, there are some students who undergo a decrease in their level of psychological adjustment. This may happen because they do not have efficient skills that enable them to deal with the challenges and difficulties they face. The present study attempts to answer the following question: Is it possible to improve the level of general psychological adjustment among eleventh grade female students by using the TM program?
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